MILITARIZAÇÃO E CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DOS TERRITÓRIOS: DILEMAS URBANOS DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Resumo
Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta uma breve reflexão sobre a cidade e relações sócio espaciais na configuração do capitalismo, com o objetivo de assim compreender a natureza dos dilemas e conflitos que hoje se apresentam no espaço urbano, e nesse sentido, estabelecer uma leitura crítica do projeto de militarização da questão urbana em curso no Rio de Janeiro. Sendo assim, resgatamos alguns elementos históricos da formação do espaço urbano carioca, entre o período de redemocratização do país aos dias atuais desveladores da face da militarização, destacadamente orientada para gerência dos territórios de favela e criminalização de seus moradores.
Palavras-chave: cidade; urbanização; militarização; Rio de Janeiro.
Referências
MOORE, M.; MELTZER, L. J. The sleepy adolescent: causes and consequences of sleepiness in teens. Paediatric respiratory reviews. 2008, 9(2): 114-121.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summar. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. 2015;1(1):40-43.
Felden EPG, Filipin D, Barbosa DG, Andrade RD, Meyer C, Louzada FM. Factors associated with short sleep duration in adolescents. Rev. Paul. Pediatr., 2016 Mar;34(1):64-70.
Park, S. Associations of Physical Activity with Sleep Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Problematic Internet Use in Korean Adolescents. BMC Public Health 14 (2014):1143. PMC.
Zhou Y, Guo L, Lu C, Deng J, He Y, Huang J, et al. Bullying as a Risk for Poor Sleep Quality among High School Students in China. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3).
SUNDELIN, T. et al. Negative effects of restricted sleep on facial appearance and social appeal. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2017 May; 4:160-918,.
WHO, World Health Organization. Young People’s Health – a Challenge for Society. Report of a WHO Study Group on Young People and Health for All. Technical Report Series 731. Geneva: WHO, 1986.
BRASIL. Lei 8.069, de 13 de Julho de 1990. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Brasília: Ministério da Justiça, 1990.
Rey-López JP, de Carvalho HB, de Moraes AC, Ruiz JR, Sjöström M, Marcos A et al. Sleep time and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Sleep Med. 2014 Jan;15(1):104-10.
Leger D, Beck F, Richard JB, Godeau E. Total sleep time severely drops during adolescence. PLoS One. 2012;7(10): e45204.
Collado Mateo MJ, Díaz-Morales JF, Escribano Barreno C, Delgado Prieto P, Randler C. Morningness-eveningness and sleep habits among adolescents: age and gender differences. Psicothema. 2012;24(3):410-5.
Mak KK, Lee SL, Ho SY, Lo WS, Lam TH. Sleep and academic performance in Hong Kong adolescents. J Sch Health. 2012 Nov;82(11):522-7.
Huang R, Ho SY, Lo WS, Lai HK, Lam TH. Alcohol consumption and sleep problems in Hong Kong adolescentes. Sleep Med. 2013 Set;14(9):877-82.
Azadbakht L, Kelishadi R, Khodarahmi M, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Motlagh ME, et al. The association of sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of children and adolescents: the CASPIAN III study. Nutrition. 2013 Set; 29(9):1133-41.
Do YK, Shin E, Bautista MA, Foo K. The associations between self-reported sleep duration and adolescent health outcomes: what is the role of time spent on Internet use?. Sleep Med. 2013 Feb;14(2):195-200.
Morioka H, Itani O, Kaneita Y, Ikeda M, Kondo S, Yamamoto R, et al. Associations between sleep disturbance and alcohol drinking: A large-scale epidemiological study of adolescents in Japan. Alcohol. 2013 Dec;47(8):619-28.
Jarrin DC, McGrath JJ, Drake CL. Beyond sleep duration: distinct sleep dimensions are associated with obesity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Abr;37(4):552–558.
Tavernier R, Choo SB, Grant K, Adam EK. Daily affective experiences predict objective sleep outcomes among adolescents. J Sleep Res. 2016 Fev;25(1):62-9.
Lovato N, Gradisar M, Short M, Dohnt H, Micic G. Delayed sleep phase disorder in an Australian school-based sample of adolescents. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Set; 9(9): 939–944.
Lytle LA, Murray DM, Laska MN, Pasch KE, Anderson SE, Farbakhsh K. Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and obesity risk in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2013 Jun;40(3):362-70.
Foley LS, Maddison R, Jiang Y, Marsh S, Olds T, Ridley K. Presleep activities and time of sleep onset in children. Pediatrics. 2013 Feb;131(2): 276-82.
Hildenbrand AK, Daly BP, Nicholls E, Brooks-Holliday S, Kloss JD. Increased risk for school violence-related behaviors among adolescents with insufficient sleep. J Sch Health. 2013 Jun;83(6):408-14.
Chen DR, Truong KD, Tsai MJ. Prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relationship with body mass index among teenagers: evidence from Taiwan. J Sch Health. 2013 Ago;83(8):582-8.
Gamble AL, D'Rozario AL, Bartlett DJ, Williams S, Bin YS, Grunstein RR, et al. Adolescent sleep patterns and night-time technology use: results of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Big Sleep Survey. PLoS ONE. 2014 Nov;9(11).
Mak YW, Wu CS, Hui DW, Lam SP, Tse HY, Yu WY, et al. Association between screen viewing duration and sleep duration, sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness among adolescents in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Nov;11(11):11201–11219.
Maslowsky J, Ozer EJ. Developmental trends in sleep duration in adolescence and young adulthood: evidence from a national United States sample. J Adolesc Health. 2014 Jun;54(6):691-7.
Kruger AK, Reither EN, Peppard PE, Krueger PM, Hale L. Do sleep-deprived adolescents make less-healthy food choices? Br J Nutr. 2014 May 28;111(10):1898-904.
Al-Hazzaa HM, Musaiger AO, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM. Lifestyle correlates of self-reported sleep duration among Saudi adolescents: a multicentre school-based cross-sectional study. Child Care Health Dev. 2014 Jul;40(4):533-42.
Hoefelmann LP, Silva KS, Lopes AS, Cabral LGA, Bertuol C, Bandeira AS. Behaviors associated to sleep among high school students: crosssectional and prospective analysis. Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum., 2014 Jul;16(1):68-78.
Lemola S, Perkinson-Gloor N, Brand S, Dewald-Kaufmann JF, Grob A. Adolescents’ Electronic Media Use at Night, Sleep Disturbance,and Depressive Symptoms in the Smartphone Age. J Youth Adolescence (2015) 44:405-18.
Cao M, Zhu Y, He B, Yang W, Chen Y, Ma J, et al. Association between sleep duration and obesity is age- and gender-dependent in chinese urban children aged 6-18 years: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15:1029.
Sanya EO, Kolo PM, Desalu OO, Bolarinwa OA, Ajiboye PO, Tunde-Ayinmode MF. Self-reported sleep parameters among secondary school teenagers in middle-belt Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015 Maio-Jun;18(3):337-41.
Wu J, Wu H, Wang J, Guo L, Deng X, Lu C. Associations between Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity: Results from 66,817 Chinese Adolescents. Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 16(5):166-86.
Titova OE, Hogenkamp OS, Jacobsson JA, Feldman I, Schiöth HB, Benedict C. Associations of self-reported sleep disturbance and duration with academic failure in community-dwelling Swedish adolescents: Sleep and academic performance at school. Sleep Med. 2015 Jan;16(1): 87-93.
Bei B, Wiley JF, Allen NB, Trinder J. A cognitive vulnerability model on sleep and mood in adolescents under aturalistically restricted and extended sleep opportunities. Sleep. 2015 Mar 1;38(3):453-61.
Ogunleye AA, Voss C, Sandercock GR. Delayed bedtime due to screen time in schoolchildren: importance of area deprivation. Pediatr Int. 2015;57(1):137-42.
Keyes KM, Maslowsky J, Hamilton A, Schulenberg J. The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991-2012. Pediatrics. 2015 Mar;135(3):460-8.
Muluk NB, Bulbul SF, Turgut M, Agirtas G. Sleep problems of adolescents: A detailed survey. Ear Nose Throat J. 2015 Jun;94(6):E4-E11.
Van Schalkwijk FJ, Blessinga AN, Willemen AM, Van Der Werf YD, Schuengel C. Social support moderates the effects of stress on sleep in adolescents. J Sleep Res. 2015 Aug;24(4):407-13.
Peach H, Gaultney JF, Reeve CL. Sleep characteristics, body mass index, and risk for hypertension in young adolescents. J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Feb;44(2):271-84.
Kronholm E, Puusniekka R, Jokela J, Villberg J, Urrila AS, Paunio T, et al. Trends in self-reported sleep problems, tiredness and related school performance among Finnish adolescents from 1984 to 2011. J Sleep Res. 2015 Feb;24(1):3-10.
Lin WH, Yi CC. Unhealthy sleep practices, conduct problems, and daytime functioning during adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Feb;44(2):431-46.
Vilela TS, Bittencourt LRA, Tufik S, Moreira GA. Factors influencing excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92:149-55
Hoefelmann LP, Silva KS, Barbosa Filho VC, Silva JA, Nahas MV. Association between unhealthy behavior and sleep quality and duration in adolescentes. Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum., 2015 Jun;17(3):318-327.
Paksarian D, Rudolph KE, He JP, Merikangas KR. School Start Time and Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Results From the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement. Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105(7):1351-1357.
Fobian AD, Avis K, Schwebel DC. Impact of Media Use on Adolescent Sleep Efficiency. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2016 Jan; 37(1): 9-14.
Matos MG, Gaspar T, Tomé G, Paiva T. Sleep variability and fatigue in adolescents: Associations with school-related features. Int J Psychol. 2016 Oct;51(5):323-31.
