Cadernos de Astronomia
type: channel
description: A revista Cadernos de Astronomia é uma publicação semestral do Núcleo Cosmo-Ufes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo e que conta também com recursos humanos do Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas e da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (vide o Corpo Editorial). Propõe-se a publicar artigos destinados à divulgação científica, história da ciência, ensino e pesquisa em astronomia e áreas correlatas. O objetivo é tornar acessível a um amplo público, que inclui estudantes secundários, graduandos e simpatizantes da área, o conhecimento científico relacionado à astronomia, cosmologia e gravitação. Possuindo acesso totalmente gratuito, cada número dedica uma seção inteira a um tema específico, onde especialistas nacionais e internacionais discutem em detalhes aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos do tópico em questão. A partir de 2023 os números semestrais dos CdA serão publicados nos meses de Março e Setembro. Cada um desses números possuem datas limite para receber submissões: Números publicados em Março - Submissões feitas até 10 de Janeiro; Números publicados em Setembro - Submissões feitas até 1º de Julho. Submissões recebidas após as datas limite acima não terão garantias de que, uma vez aceitas para publicação, façam parte do próximo número. Não sendo publicadas no próximo número, elas são automaticamente programadas para publicação no número subsequente a ser lançado.
publisher: UFES
language: en
publication name: Cadernos de Astronomia
issn: 2675-4754
items: Estimation of the photometric redshift of galaxies using artificial neural networks
items: Environmental Mapping of Post-Starburst Galaxies
items: Considerations on the impact of experiments and computational simulations with gravitational waves on the advancement of physics: the context of LIGO
items: The Process of Investigating Planetary Transits in Photometric Light Curves from TESS
items: Non-Parametric Reconstructions of Cosmic Curvature
items: Black Strings and String Clouds Embedded in Anisotropic Quintessence: Solutions for Scalar Particles and Implication
items: Mapping Stellar Population of Seyfert 2
items: Black Holes and termic field dynamics
items: Acoustic barionic scale in $z_{eff} = 0,166$ with blue galaxies from SDSS
items: Non-linear effects: a new window for the primordial universe
items: A New perspective about the Hubble Constant
items: Neural Network to interpret neutrino's signal from supernovae gravitational collapse
items: The Dark Sectos of the Universe in a Neutron Star Environment
items: Probing darking energy through gass mass fraction
items: Investigating the Dark Sector with New Liht and HiddenParticles
items: Letter to the Reader
items: A Constrained Universe: reflections on women in astrophysics, cosmology, and gravitation
items: The rebirth of general relativity: theses and historiographical perspectives
items: From gravity to water: analyzing climate change in Brazil with computational methods
items: Official monitoring of Brazil's native vegetation using satellite images: the BiomasBR program and the Prodes, Deter and TerraClass systems
items: Climate Change and the Challenges Faced by the Amazonia
items: The Production of ignorance about science: an analysis of the relationship between propaganda, the climate emergency and information ethics
items: Supernova archaeoastronomy
items: Current Climate Changes
items: The mean life of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere and the temperature increase over the 2050 horizon
items: The Antarctic Climate and the Four Decades of Research in the Brazilian Antarctic Program
items: Cosmic Rays and their Connections to Earth's Climate
items: Front matters
items: Dark energy and the challenges to the standard cosmological model
items: Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity.

Estimation of the photometric redshift of galaxies using artificial neural networks
type: item
description: This work was presented at the event "The Astro-Scientists: III Brazilian Meeting of Girls and Women in Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation", held between March 31 and April 4, 2025.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
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subject: Array
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creator: Sofia Brito
creator: Flávia Sobreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sofia Garcia Telles Brito, Flávia Sobreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 114
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53390

Environmental Mapping of Post-Starburst Galaxies
type: item
description: Summary of the poster presented in the third edition of the As Astrocientistas event, held between March 31st and April 4th, 2025.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
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subject: Array
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creator: Rafaela Conz Costa
creator: Sandro Rembold
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rafaela Conz da Costa, Sandro Barboza Rembold https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 105
ending page: 108
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53386

Considerations on the impact of experiments and computational simulations with gravitational waves on the advancement of physics: the context of LIGO
type: item
description: The direct detection of gravitational waves represents one of the most important achievements of contemporary physics, opening a new window for observing the Universe. This work presents a report of a personal experience related to the scientific impact of gravitational-wave experiments regarding the experimental practice acquired through activities related to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) during a scientific exchange at the University of California, Riverside (UCR). As well, the computational simulation practice associated with the master’s research project of one of the authors is presented. Various experimental activities are described, like those involving standard LIGO cleaning protocols, the assembly and sealing of a vacuum chamber for preliminary tests, studies on heat absorption using spherical mirror configurations, and materials analysis. Based on the experience acquired, the authors reflect that matching experimental practice and computational simulation is valuable to help understand instrumental limitations, mitigating noise sources, and improving devices applied to gravitational-wave detection.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Pamella Aline Almeida
creator: Nadja Magalhães
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pamella Aline de Almeida, Nadja Simão Magalhães https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 100
ending page: 104
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53385

The Process of Investigating Planetary Transits in Photometric Light Curves from TESS
type: item
description: In exoplanetary astronomy, the transit method, based on the analysis of variations in stellar brightness due to the passage of the planet in front of its host star and recorded in light curves, is one of the main techniques for detecting planets outside the Solar System, responsible for most of the current discoveries. In this work, we use data obtained by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and study the use of a methodology for the processing, detection, and validation of transit signals in TESS photometric data, involving the adaptation of codes, the implementation of analysis pipelines, and the verification of candidates based on astrophysical criteria, with a view to identifying new exoplanets.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Mariana Bittencourt
creator: Clécio Bom
creator: Stela Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mariana S. Bittencourt, Clécio R. Bom, Stela Ishitani Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 96
ending page: 99
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53384

Non-Parametric Reconstructions of Cosmic Curvature
type: item
description: Work presented at the event As Astrocientistas: III Encontro Brasileiro de Meninas e Mulheres da Astrofísica, Cosmologia e Gravitação, held between March 31 and April 4, 2025.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Mariana Dias
creator: Carlos Bengaly
creator: Antônio Cunha
creator: Rodrigo Gonçalves
creator: Jonathan Morais
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mariana L. S. Dias, Carlos A. P. Bengaly, Antônio F. B. da Cunha, Rodrigo S. Gonçalves, Jonathan Morais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 95
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53382

Black Strings and String Clouds Embedded in Anisotropic Quintessence: Solutions for Scalar Particles and Implication
type: item
description: In this work, we show that the radial solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in an AdS spacetime composed of a black string, surrounded by both a matter distribution analogous to a string cloud and an anisotropic quintessence fluid, exhibit the occurrence of so-called dark phases, which are induced by the presence of the quintessential fluid. These dark phases are possible quantum observables for spin−0 particles located near the black string’s event horizon.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Maria de Lourdes Deglmann
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maria de Lourdes Deglmann https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 86
ending page: 91
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53381

Mapping Stellar Population of Seyfert 2
type: item
description: We investigate the circumnuclear stellar populations of 12 Seyfert 2 galaxies selected from the Swift-BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey based on their ultra-hard X-ray luminosity (14–195 keV). Using MUSE/VLT integral field spectroscopy and spectral synthesis, we spatially characterize the stellar populations in the central regions of the galaxies. Preliminary results indicate signatures of central stellar rejuvenation, with significant contributions from young and intermediate-age populations and the presence of radial metallicity gradients. Moderate correlations between stellar properties and AGN activity indicators suggest that both gas recycled by evolved stars and gas associated with recent star formation may contribute to supermassive black hole fueling. Given the exploratory nature of the sample, these results should be regarded as preliminary.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Lais Marinho
creator: Rogério Riffel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lais Nery Marinho, Rogério Riffel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 81
ending page: 85
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53380

Black Holes and termic field dynamics
type: item
description: Work presented at ’The Astro-scientists: III Brazilian Meeting of Girls and Women in Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Gravitation,’ held between March 31 and April 4, 2025.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Jhonny Ruiz
creator: Alesandro Ferreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jhonny A. A. Ruiz, Alesandro Ferreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 77
ending page: 80
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53379

Acoustic barionic scale in $z_{eff} = 0,166$ with blue galaxies from SDSS
type: item
description: Work presented at the event As Astrocientistas: III Encontro Brasiliero de Meninas e Mulheres da Astrofísica, Cosmologia e Gravitação, held between March 31 and April 4, 2025.
subject: Resumos de Pôsteres
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Hanna Lima
creator: Rafael Nunes
creator: Felipe Avila
creator: Edilson Carvalho
creator: Armando Bernui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hanna Lima, Rafael da Costa Nunes, Felipe Avila, Edilson Carvalho, Armando Bernui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 72
ending page: 76
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53378

Non-linear effects: a new window for the primordial universe
type: item
description: Understanding the primordial universe is fundamental to connecting high-energy physics, observational cosmology, and the formation of cosmic structures. This article discusses the stochastic formalism applied to inflation and alternative collapse scenarios, highlighting its ability to access non-linear effects in the primordial density distribution. Applications to primordial black holes (PBHs), including strongly non-Gaussian curvaton scenarios, and to stochastic collapse models are presented, together with conceptual limitations and open questions.
subject: Artigos Completos
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Tays Miranda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tays Miranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 61
ending page: 71
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53347

A New perspective about the Hubble Constant
type: item
description: A constante de Hubble ($H_0$) é um parâmetro fundamental da cosmologia que descreve a velocidade com que o Universo está se expandindo atualmente, sendo este essencial para a definição da dinâmica cósmica. Contudo, os valores obtidos para $H_0$ apresentam uma crescente discrepância quando medidos por diferentes métodos observacionais, fenômeno conhecido na cosmologia como tensão em $H_0$ e sendo esse um dos desafios mais notáveis da cosmologia moderna, pois sugere que algo pode estar faltando em nosso entendimento atual do Universo ou dos métodos de medição. Este trabalho traz uma análise sobre a relevância da utilização de ondas gravitacionais na mensuração do valor da constante de Hubble, dado que sua recente detecção com contrapartida eletromagnética oferece uma nova ferramenta de medição, o que torna apropriado a mesma diante do atual panorama da tensão de $H_0$. Assim, o estudo explora o histórico e o arcabouço matemático relacionados ao tema, sempre com base em fontes já publicadas na literatura científica. A conclusão destaca que a medição da constante de Hubble por meio de ondas gravitacionais resultou em um valor de $70.0^{+12.0}_{-8.0} km/s/Mpc$. Embora esse resultado ainda tenha uma margem de incerteza considerável, ele mostra um potencial promissor para refinar e talvez solucionar a tensão existente em torno do valor da constante de Hubble, contribuindo assim para um melhor entendimento da expansão do Universo.
subject: Artigos Completos
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Ranna Pereira
creator: Fernando Moucherek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ranna Santana Pereira, Fernando Marques de Oliveira Moucherek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 60
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53346

Neural Network to interpret neutrino's signal from supernovae gravitational collapse
type: item
description: Massive stars end their life cycles when their inert core collapses and a protoneutron star (PNS) is born, often followed up by a supernova explosion. If such supernova were to occur in the Milky Way or a nearby galaxy, thousands to millions of neutrinos would be detected on laboratories on Earth. In this work we use a Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural newtwork to infer the gravitational mass of a PNS from the neutrinos it emits in the first two seconds after its formation. Neutrino data was obtained from spherically symmetric (1D) simulations of core-collapse supernovae of 18 progenitor stars employing two equations of state as well as two heating factors to emulate multidimensional effects in 1D simulations. We tested our LSTM network in data from core-collapse simulations of 49 stars not used in the training and showed that, in 18 cases, the neural network is able to reproduce the gravitational mass evolution of the PNS with only small deviations (R2 ≳ 0.80). We discuss how the neural network can be improved and the steps still needed so that it can be used to analyze future neutrino detections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of its kind and will be useful as a parameterization of future works.
subject: Artigos Completos
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Isadora Espíndola
creator: André Schneider
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Isadora da Silva Espíndola, André da Silva Schneider https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 45
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53342

The Dark Sectos of the Universe in a Neutron Star Environment
type: item
description: In this work, we present some results from a series of studies investigating the effects of incorporating a dark-sector component into the structure of neutron stars. In particular, we examine how dark matter and dark energy fluids can alter the macroscopic properties of these compact objects. Two main scenarios are considered: the coexistence of three fluids coupled solely through gravity and the presence of interactions among them. We find that the impact of the dark-energy component on stellar structure depends on the equation-of-state parameter (ω), potentially leading to configurations with larger radii and higher maximum masses, whereas values of ω < −1 tend to weaken the hydrostatic support against gravitational collapse. More generally, larger relative fractions of the dark sector result in smaller stellar masses and radii due to their limited contribution to the total pressure. Across all scenarios considered, only specific parameter ranges were found to be consistent with current observational constraints, with the requirement of supporting maximum masses of at least (2 M⊙) providing the most stringent constraint.
subject: Artigos Completos
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subject: Array
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creator: Loreany Araújo
creator: José Ademir Sales de Lima
creator: Germán Lugones
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Loreany Ferreira de Araújo, José Ademir Sales de Lima, Germán Lugones https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 46
ending page: 54
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53344

Probing darking energy through gass mass fraction
type: item
description: We explore the possibility of breaking the dark degeneracy by using measurements of the gas mass fraction observed in massive and relaxed galaxy clusters. This data is particularly interesting for this purpose because it isolates the matter contribution, possibly allowing the degeneracy breaking. We study the particular case of the wCDM model with its interactive counterpart. We compare the results obtained from both descriptions with a non-parametric analysis obtained through Gaussian Process. Even though the degeneracy may be broken from the theoretical point of view, we find that current gas mass fraction data seems to be insufficient for a final conclusion about which approach is favored, even when combined with SNIa, BAO and CMB.
subject: Artigos Completos
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Dinorah Barbosa
creator: Rodrigo von Marttens
creator: Javier Gonzalez
creator: Jailson Alcaniz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dinorah Barbosa, Rodrigo von Marttens, Javier Gonzalez, Jailson Alcaniz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53340

Investigating the Dark Sector with New Liht and HiddenParticles
type: item
description: Despite its success, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics remains incomplete, with the absence of a dark matter (DM) candidate being one of its primary gaps. The lack of evidence for new heavy particles has driven interest toward light, feebly interacting DM candidates, whose thermal production in the early Universe requires a portal mediator. In this work, we propose a model where a vector mediator, originating from a U(1)Q gauge symmetry, connects the visible sector to inelastic dark matter (iDM) candidates. Unlike the standard dark photon scenario, in which SM fermions do not carry direct charges under the new symmetry, we explore Q charges defined by combinations of baryonic and leptonic numbers. We demonstrate that this framework can alter the relic abundance calculation and the experimental phenomenology. Consequently, such models can unlock new windows in the parameter space, expanding the possibilities for DM discovery beyond the constraints of the conventional model.
subject: Artigos Completos
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Ana Luisa Foguel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Luisa Foguel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 24
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53337

Letter to the Reader
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Array
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creator: Carla Rodrigues Almeida
creator: Igor Pedreira
creator: Laura de Carvalho
creator: Paola Delgado
creator: Tays Miranda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Carla Rodrigues Almeida, Igor de O. C. Pedreira, Laura de Carvalho, Paola C. M. Delgado, Tays Miranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 2
ending page: 2
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53336

A Constrained Universe: reflections on women in astrophysics, cosmology, and gravitation
type: item
description: The history of women in science is marked by institutional restrictions that constricted their practices and hid their achievements. Even within this constrained universe, women were responsible for major scientific contributions; many of these remain partially or completely erased. In this essay, we will reflect on the role of gender in science through the works of Margaret Rossiter and Sandra Harding, two pioneers in gender studies who extended our comprehension about scientific practices. The discussion will be supported by historical examples of women researchers on the fields of astrophysics, cosmology, and gravitation.
subject: Divulgação Científica, Ciência e Sociedade
  topic: section
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Carla Rodrigues Almeida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Carla Rodrigues Almeida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 5
ending page: 12
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7nEspecial.53292

The rebirth of general relativity: theses and historiographical perspectives
type: item
description: In this article, we discuss the thesis, common among physicists and historians, that, after three decades of stagnation, there was a “renaissance” of interest in general relativity in the 1950s and 1960s. We present two versions of this thesis: one places the shift in the 1950s, following the first conferences dedicated to general relativity, and the other identifies the shift in the 1960s, due to advancements in astrophysics. We review the main arguments supporting this thesis by physicists and historians, recall some of the criticisms it has received, and analyze the key historical evidence that emerges in this historiographical debate. Finally, we reflect on the validity of this thesis and on the current challenges in research on the history of general relativity.
subject: Divulgação Científica, Ciência e Sociedade
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Juliana Correia Ferreira
creator: Juliana Youssef
creator: Thiago Hartz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Correia Ferreira, Juliana Youssef, Thiago Hartz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 95
ending page: 112
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.46016

From gravity to water: analyzing climate change in Brazil with computational methods
type: item
description: Predicting droughts and floods in climatically dynamic regions requires rigorous analyses that integrate both spatial and temporal information. This study leverages gravitational data from the GRACE missions to examine hydrological variability in Brazil, an area of strategic importance due to its extensive river network and high sensitivity to global climate phenomena such as El Niño and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. By adopting a computational framework that includes Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), CFAR (peak detection), and DBSCAN (spatial clustering), key variability patterns are identified and highlight regions with elevated hydrological vulnerability, notably Manaus, Mato Grosso, and Minas Gerais.
subject: Seção Temática
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subject: Array
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creator: Fabian Trigo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fabian Trigo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 60
ending page: 71
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47311

Official monitoring of Brazil's native vegetation using satellite images: the BiomasBR program and the Prodes, Deter and TerraClass systems
type: item
description: The Brazilian government has three official satellite monitoring systems for monitoring native vegetation loss in its six biomes, designed and executed by the National Institute for Space Research, through the Brazilian Biomes Monitoring Program (BiomasBR): 1) Prodes - Annual Monitoring of Native Vegetation Suppression; 2) Deter - Daily Monitoring of Suppression and Degradation of Native Vegetation; and 3) TerraClass - Systematic Monitoring of Land Cover and Use. This article presents the main characteristics of each of these systems, the most recent results of Brazilian native vegetation monitoring, the main public policies based on BiomasBR, and the role of the program as a tool for achieving goals within international climate agreements.
subject: Seção Temática
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Cláudio Aparecido de Almeida
creator: Letícia Palazzi Perez
creator: Mariane Souza Reis
creator: Vagner Luis Camilotti
creator: Cassiano Gustavo Messias
creator: Erison Carlos dos Santos Monteiro
creator: Taise Farias Pinheiro
creator: João Felipe Sobrinho Kneipp Cerqueira Pinto
creator: Luciana de Souza Soler
creator: Lubia Vinhas
creator: Luis Eduardo Pinheiro Maurano
creator: Marcos Adami
creator: Tatiana Mora Kuplich
creator: Igor da Silva Narvaes
creator: Gustavo F. Balué Arcoverde
creator: Silvana Amaral
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cláudio Aparecido de Almeida, Letícia Palazzi Perez, Mariane Souza Reis, Vagner Luis Camilotti , Cassiano Gustavo Messias, Erison Carlos dos Santos Monteiro, Taise Farias Pinheiro, João Felipe Sobrinho Kneipp Cerqueira Pinto, Luciana de Souza Soler, Lubia Vinhas, Luis Eduardo Pinheiro Maurano, Marcos Adami, Tatiana Mora Kuplich, Gustavo F. Balué Arcoverde, Igor da Silva Narvaes da Silva Narvaes, Silvana Amaral https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 23
ending page: 38
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47411

Climate Change and the Challenges Faced by the Amazonia
type: item
description: The Amazon, one of the most biodiverse biomes on the planet, plays a crucial role in global climate regulation and the hydrological cycle of South America. However, climate change and the intensification of human activities, such as deforestation and wildfires, have significantly impacted the region’s ecological stability. This article analyzes the effects of land-use changes on the Amazonian climate, emphasizing the relationship between forest degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, and alterations in precipitation patterns. It also discusses the impacts of atmospheric pollution, including locally and transcontinentally sourced aerosols, which affect the radiative balance and rainfall formation. Given this scenario, the need for strict environmental policies and international cooperation is reinforced to mitigate the effects of climate change and preserve the biome’s resilience. The upcoming COP 2025 in Belém do Pará is highlighted as a strategic opportunity to strengthen global commitments to forest conservation and environmental impact mitigation.
subject: Seção Temática
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creator: Marco Aurélio de Menezes Franco
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marco Aurélio de Menezes Franco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 11
ending page: 22
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47433

The Production of ignorance about science: an analysis of the relationship between propaganda, the climate emergency and information ethics
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description: Despite an apparent consensus on the strategic value of science for society and the material gains that the development of research and technologies brings to industry, culture and power relations, there is an important debate about the influence of external political and economic values on scientific knowledge. Using the conceptual perspective of agnotology, this article analyzes how propaganda campaigns use the information ethics of digital platforms to produce and disseminate doubt and ignorance about scientific knowledge of anthropogenic climate change and its spokespeople. Based on a literature review, we reinforce the warning of astrophysicists, geologists, sociologists and many other scientists about how the idea of a “neutral science” weakens the community and fuels denialism. We observe the main strategies and discourses that combat the consensus on the climate emergency and its relationship with an unsustainable economic model of exploitation of the planet’s resources, pointing out the responsibilities of the oil industry, agribusiness and big tech in this scenario.
subject: Divulgação Científica, Ciência e Sociedade
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creator: Carlos Eduardo Barros
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Eduardo Barros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 81
ending page: 94
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47434

Supernova archaeoastronomy
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description: The historical supernovae, recorded by different observers around the globe for many centuries, may have also been depicted as rock art by Indigenous peoples of the Americas. There are suggestions of the association of petroglyphs and rupestrian art in the northern hemisphere with some of these events. This work aims to present and discuss whether a set of petroglyphs located in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte may represent these historical supernovae. Using Stellarium software, the sky patterns at the time of each supernova explosion were simulated and then compared to the figures found. Considering the well-established cultural practices of the Tarairiú peoples, we identified suggestive correspondences between the figures and the supernovae of 185, 1054, and 1572, although the start of a definitive confirmation depends on dating analysis not yet available.
subject: Artigos
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creator: Bianca Bulhões Martins
creator: Jorge Ernesto Horvath
creator: Felipe Sérvulo Maciel Costa
creator: Luiz Carlos Jafelice
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Ernesto Horvath, Bianca Bulhões Martins, Felipe Felipe Sérvulo Maciel Costa, Luiz Carlos Jafelice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 126
ending page: 140
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47464

Current Climate Changes
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description: Human development, which began around 300,000 years ago, has always occurred in parallel with natural climate variations. However, since the Industrial Revolution, human action has intensified the greenhouse effect, raising the average global temperature and altering weather patterns, resulting in severe impacts such as rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns and an increase in the frequency of severe weather events such as storms, tornadoes and hurricanes. This article explores the main current climate changes and how they are monitored through the analysis of historical data. In addition, it presents projections from climate models that allow us to anticipate future scenarios, including rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns, especially in South America. Finally, the text highlights the importance of concrete actions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for current climate change, using technologies already available. We conclude that, in order to face the climate emergency, it is essential to integrate Brazil’s human and natural resources, combined with scientific knowledge, in order to implement effective solutions to reduce impacts and protect the most vulnerable populations.
subject: Seção Temática
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creator: Tercio Ambrizzi
creator: Amanda Rehbein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amanda Rehbein, Tercio Ambrizzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 6
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47590

The mean life of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere and the temperature increase over the 2050 horizon
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description: In this work a toy model is presented describing the evolution of the CO2 level in the Earth’s atmosphere. Using present data on the CO2 emission resulting from the human activity and carbon stockage by mechanisms acting in the biosphere, the average lifetime of CO2 in the atmosphere was estimated to be 120 years. If the emission rate behavior observed in the last decades is maintained, our model predicts around 2050 a CO2 concentration of 513 ppm and a temperature increase of +2,6°C above the limit fixed by the Paris agreement.
subject: Artigos
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creator: José Antônio de Freitas Pacheco
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 J. A. F. Pacheco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 120
ending page: 125
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47716

The Antarctic Climate and the Four Decades of Research in the Brazilian Antarctic Program
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description: Antarctica plays a key role in the planet’s climate dynamics. Its characteristic cold climate is responsible for maintaining temperatures, global climate modulation, sustaining ecosystems and ice-dependent biodiversity. Likewise, the region is significantly impacted by global climate change. Over the past few decades, the Brazilian Antarctic Program has been making efforts to study the region, with several modules and facilities used to collect climatic, atmospheric, and biological data, among others. This paper characterizes the Antarctic climate, its importance in the global context, the impacts of climate change on Antarctica, and the efforts of the Brazilian Antarctic Program to study the polar climate.
subject: Seção Temática
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creator: Cesar Amaral
creator: Dafne Anjos
creator: Anna Donato
creator: Rodrigo Goldenberg-Barbosa
creator: Letícia Eller
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dafne Anjos, Cesar Amaral, Anna Donato, Rodrigo Goldenberg-Barbosa, Letícia Eller https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 39
ending page: 47
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47733

Cosmic Rays and their Connections to Earth's Climate
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description: There is now a consensus among scientists that human contribution to greenhouse gas emissions has caused a significant increase in global temperature over the last century, with simulations indicating an increase of around 5.0°C by 2100. In these models, cloud dynamics contribute the greatest uncertainties. Although the process is based on a relatively well-known chain, from aerosols evolving into condensation nuclei to macroscopic clouds, the role of ionic induction promoted by cosmic rays as a possible intensifier of nucleating processes in the atmosphere remains inconclusive. Recent research carried out at the particle physics laboratory, CLOUD/CERN, despite the difficult task of emulating the atmosphere in the laboratory, has yielded results that motivate its study in a real system, as in the Brazilian project CRE4AT (Cosmic Ray Experiment for Atmosphere).
subject: Seção Temática
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creator: André Massafferri Rodrigues
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 André Massafferri Rodrigues https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 72
ending page: 80
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v6n1.47661

Front matters
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description: It includes the editorial information for this edition, the Letter to the Reader, and the Table of Contents.
subject: Editorial
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creator: Os Editores
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Os Editores https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7n1.52275

Dark energy and the challenges to the standard cosmological model
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description: Observational evidence that the Universe is undergoing accelerated expansion represents one of the main challenges of modern cosmology, usually attributed to the presence of a dominant component known as dark energy. The standard cosmological model, ΛCDM, provides a consistent description of a wide range of observations, but faces significant difficulties from both a theoretical and observational standpoint. In this article, we present a review of the ΛCDM model, discussing its theoretical foundation and the main observational tests that support its validity. We emphasize recent observational strains, such as those associated with the Hubble constant (H0) and the amplitude of matter fluctuations (S8), as well as recent results from the DESI survey that suggest possible deviations from the standard model. We also discuss the implications of these strains and possible extensions of the model, highlighting the role of scenarios with dynamic dark energy. This overview seeks to provide an updated view of the challenges faced by contemporary cosmology and the prospects for understanding cosmic acceleration.
subject: Seção Temática
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creator: Jailson Alcaniz
creator: Rodrigo Von Marttens
creator: Saulo Carneiro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rodrigo Von Marttens, Jailson Alcaniz, Saulo Carneiro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 62
ending page: 76
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7n1.52249

Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity.
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description: We present the translation of the article published by Albert Einstein in 1917. In it, he introduces, for the first time, a cosmological constant, a term that today plays a very important role in the standard model of cosmology. Some introductory comments are presented, followed by the Portuguese version of the text originally written in German.
subject: Textos Clássicos
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creator: Albert Einstein
creator: Júlio César Fabris
creator: Oliver Fabio Piattella
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Albert Einstein; Júlio C. Fabris (trad.), Oliver F. Piattella (trad.) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 145
ending page: 155
doi: 10.47456/Cad.Astro.v7n1.52177