The political lives of the dead and the new places of the disappeared in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/cadecs.v12i1.47393Abstract
This article seeks to show ethnographically how families of victims of violence in Mexico sustain ‘political lives of the dead’. Political afterlives of the dead are in street protests and at the political altars of the religious festivity the Day of the Dead. However, Mexico has many missing people who were never properly buried and whose families hope they are alive. In this sense, the disappeared are neither dead nor alive and should not be included in the Day of the Dead in the views of their families. Instead, new places at new memorials are built for them, with new rites to maintain the social lives of the missing. These posthumous lives continue the calls for justice perpetually.
References
ARAÚJO, F., A. 2016. Não tem corpo, não tem crime: notas socioantropológicas sobre o ato de fazer desaparecer corpos”. Horizontes Antropólogos 22(46): 37-64. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-71832016000200002.
AZALOA, E. 2012a. “Entender la violencia”. Desacatos (40): 7-10. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/desacatos/n40/n40a1.pdf.
———2012b. El Movimiento por La Paz con Justicia y Dignidad. Desacatos, núm. (40): 159-170. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1607-050X2012000300011&lng=es&nrm=iso.
BENJAMIN, W. 1969. Theses on the philosophy of history. Em, Illuminations, organizada por Arendt, H. New York: Schocken, 253-264.
BERGER, P, L. 2014. Redeeming laughter: the comic dimension of human experience. Berlin/Boston: De Gryter.
BRANDES, S. 2006. Skulls for the living, bread to the dead: the Day of the Dead in Mexico and beyond. New York: Blackwell Publishing.
–––––2003. Calaveras: literary humor in Mexico’s Day of the Dead. Em Of Corpse: Death and Humor in Folklore and Popular Culture, organizado porPeter Narvaez Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 221-238. Disponivel em: https://www. jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nsgh.12.
–––––1998. Iconography in Mexico’s Day of the Dead: origin and meaning. Ethnohistory 45(2): 181-218. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/483058.
CONGDON, K. 2003. Making merry with death: iconic humor in Mexico’s Day of the Dead. Em Death and humor in folklore and popular culture, organizado por Narváez, P. Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 198-220. Doi:10.2307/j.ctt46nsgh.11.
CUNHA, M., C., da. 1978. Os mortos e os outros: uma análise do sistema funerário e da noção de pessoa entre os índios Krahó. São Paulo: Editora HUCITEC.
GARCIAGODOY, J. 1998. Digging the Days of the Dead: a reading of Mexico’s Días de Muertos. New York: University Press Colorado.
GRUPO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE EXPERTOS INDEPENDENTES (GIEI), Informe
Ayotzinapa I, Investigación y primeras conclusiones de las desapariciones y homicidios de los normalistas de Ayotzinapa, 2015. Disponível em: www.oas.org/es/ cidh/actividades/giei/giei-informeayotzinapa1.pdf.
HERTZ, R. 1960 [1907]. Death and the right hand. London: Routledge.
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH. 2013. Mexico’s disappeared: the enduring cost of a crisis ignored. Disponível em, https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/mexico0213_ ForUpload_0_0_0.
KOESTLER, A. 1964. The act of creation. London: Penguin.
KWON, H. 2008. Ghost of war in Vietnam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
–––––2006. After the massacre: commemoration and consolation in Ha My and My Lai. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
LIMA, C., M., e Veldan, F.,V. 2018. The dead among the living: materiality and time in rethinking death and otherness in lowland South America. Em, Mirrors of passing: unlocking the mysteries of death, materiality, and time, organizada por Seebach, S., e Willerslev, R. New York: Berghahn, 166-186.
LOMNITZ, C. 2005. Death and the idea of Mexico. New York: Zone Books.
MARCIAL, Ro. 2015. Fue el Estado: el caso de los jóvenes desaparecidos de Ayotzinapa y la crisis política en México. Desidades 6 (Março): 11–24. Disponível em: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2318-92822015000100002&lng=es&nrm=iso.
NUTINI, H. 1988. Todos Santos in rural Tlaxcala: a syncretic, expressive, and symbolic analysis of the cult of the dead. New York: Princeton University Press.
MALVIDO, E. 2006. La festival de Todos Santos, Fieles Difuntos y su altar de muertos en México, patrimonio ‘intangible’ de la humanidad. Patrimonio Cultural y Turismo (16): 42-55. Disponível em: https://www.cultura.gob.mx/turismocultural/cuadernos/pdf16/articulo3.pdf.
MBEMBE, A. 2008. Necropolitics. Desidades 6 (Março): 11-40.
MEDEIRA SANTOS, F. 2018. “O morto no lugar dos mortos: Classificações, sistemas de controle e necropolítica no Rio de Janeiro”. Revista M., Dossiê 5: Morte, regimes políticos e violência 3(5): 72–91. Doi: https://doi.org/10.9789/2525-3050.2018. v3i5.72-91.
PEREYRA, G. 2012. México: violencia criminal y ‘guerra contra el narcotráfico’. Revista Mexicana de Sociologia 74(3): 429–460. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ iis.01882503p.2012.3.32219.
PITA, M., V. 2018. La historia de un mural o acera de la muerte, de los muertos y de lo que se hace con ellos. Muertes violentas de jóvenes de barrios populares en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Revista M 3(5): 53-71. Disponível em: https://www. academia.edu/37079701/La_historia_de_un_mural_o_acerca_de_la_muerte_ de_los_muertos_y_de_lo_que_se_hace_con_ellos_Muertes_violentas_de_j%C3%B3venes_de_barrios_populares_en_la_Ciudad_de_Buenos_Aires.
ROBBEN, A., C., G., M, e Ferrándiz, F., (organizadores). 2016. Necropolitics: mass graves and exhumations in the age of human rights. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
———(2007). Political violence and trauma in Argentina. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
——— e Suárez-Orozco, M., M (organizadores). 2000. Culture under siege: collective violence and trauma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
SANJURJO, L. 2017. Our dead can speak: social displacement, affects, and political action in comparative perspective. Vibrant 14(3): 113-31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412017v14n3p113.
SMOLSKI, A., R, e Lorenzen, M (organizadores). 2021. Violence, capital accumulation, and resistance in contemporary Latin America. Latin American Perspectives, 236(48):[1]: 1-312. Disponível em: https://latinamericanperspectives.com/violence-capital-accumulation-and-resistance-in-contemporary-latin-america/.
SOSA, C. 2014. Queering acts of mourning in the aftermaths of Argentina’s dictatorship: the performance of blood. London: Tamesis.
SÓFOCLES. c. 497-406 AC. Antigone. Em, Classical Greek tragedy, tradução para o inglês do Dudley Fitts e Robert Fitzgerald.
SUÁREZ-OROZCO, M., M. 2004 [1984]. Treatment of children in the ‘Dirty War’: ideology, state terrorism and the abuse of children in Argentina.,. Em, Violence in war and peace: an anthology, Scheper-Hughes, N., e Bourgois., P (organizadores).
Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 378–388.
TAUSSIG, M. 1992. The nervous system. New York, NY: Routledge.
TILLY, C. 1995. Contentious repertoires in Great Britain, 1758–1834. Em, Repertoires and cycles of collective action, organizado por Traugott, M. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 15–42.
———2006. Regimes and repertoires. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
VAN GENNEP, A. 1960 [1909]. The rites of passage. New York: Routledge.
VERDERY, K. 1999. The political lives of dead bodies: reburial and postsocialist change. New York: Colombia University Press.
WRIGHT, M., W. 2011. Necropolitics, narcopolitics, and femicide: gendered violence on the Mexico-U.S. border.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 36(3):707–31. Doi: 10.1086/657496.XANTOMILA J., e LAURELES J. 2023. Realizan Marcha de las Catrinas en CDMX por víctimas de feminicidio. La Jornada 28 Outubro, 2023. URL: https://www.jornada.com.mx/noticia/2023/10/28/politica/ realizan-marcha-de-las-catrinas-en-cdmx-por-victimas-de-feminicidio-483. (Acessado 17/11/2024, 13:00).
ZAVALETA, N. 2021. La mitad de los desaparecidos podrían estar en Semefo o fosas comunes: Encinas. El Proceso, Outobro 6, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2021/10/6/la-mitad-de-los-desaparecidos-podrian-estar-en-semefo-fosas-comunes-encinas-273415.html.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
O Caderno Eletrônico de Ciências Sociais detém os direitos autorais dos artigos nele publicados mediante submissão dos autores .O envio espontâneo de qualquer colaboração implica automaticamente a cessão integral dos direitos autorais ao Cadecs.



