The present journal, associated with the undergraduate courses in Geography and the Department of Geography of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, had completed twenty-two years of existence in 2022, having published 35 issues. Until issue 7, the journal was published in paper only, but since then it has been available in digital form (all available as pdf. on the journal's website). However, it was not until issue 9, which was published in the second half of 2010, that the submission system implemented was fully automated and became part of the Open Journal Systems platform. Published twice a year, it is open to a wide range of articles and/or dossier proposals on specific topics. Geografares includes sections for articles, interviews, research notes, reviews and translations. The topics published are related to both "physical" and "human" geography, although we are also interested in other fields of knowledge in dialogue with territorial and spatial approaches. Articles from Brazil and Latin America are of particular interest. We publish mainly in Portuguese and to a lesser extent in English, Spanish and French. Geografares publishes two issues per year.
Departamento e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFES
Copyrights Declaration Authors who publish in the journal agree with the following terms: Authors will keep their copyrights and grant the journal the right to their first publishing, simultaneously licenced under Creative Commons Attribution License which allows sharing their work with authorship recognition and initial release through this journal. Authors may sign additional contracts separately diffusing a non-exclusively version of the paper published in this journal (i.g. publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), once citing the authorship and initial release through this journal. Authors are encouraged to publicize and diffuse their paper online, for example onto institutional repositories or on their personal websites.
Climate variability and malaria trends among children under five in the department of Daloa, Ivory Coast
This article examined the relationship between malaria and climate. The underlying objective was to address the problem of high malaria prevalence among children under five in Daloa. The Nicholson index method was used to characterize interannual variations in climate parameters. Pearson’s matrix was applied to assess the correlation between climate and malaria. Fluctuations in climate parameters were recorded between 1981 and 2021. The correlation test differed from one parameter to another. These parameters were: rainfall (r=0.66), temperature (r=0.18), and relative humidity (r=0.26). The correlation test concluded that all climate parameters influence malaria morbidity. However, rainfall is the climate factor that most influences malaria prevalence. This situation calls for the adoption of appropriate measures to address it.
Variabilidad climática y evolución de la malaria en niños menores de cinco años en el departamento de Daloa.
Copyright (c) 2025 Geografares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Territorial governance in the Marrakech-Safi region: issues and challenges of decentralization and deconcentration policies
The study focuses on the implementation of decentralization and deconcentration reforms in the Marrakech-Safi region. Through an analysis of territorial governance, carried out in the field with local players, as well as spatial and statistical analyses, the study highlights the difficulties associated with coordination between the various players, the slow political maturation of elected representatives, and the absence of effective accountability mechanisms. Regionalization, decentralization and deconcentration policies aim to transfer powers to local authorities. This article analyzes the implementation of these reforms, highlighting the gaps between the theoretical principles of the laws and their application in the field, particularly in the management of territorial projects. The study insists on the need for genuine political will and an overhaul of political practices to establish effective territorial governance, adapted to the specific characteristics of the regions, particularly Marrakech-Safi. Despite ambitious reforms, the study underlines that Morocco still faces many challenges in establishing territorial governance that reduces inequalities and promotes balanced development, particularly in high-potential regions such as Marrakech-Safi.
Local autonomy. Coordination. Decentralization. Deconcentration. Territorial governance.
Land use and morphometric evolution of valleys in the municipality of Daloa (Central-western Côte d'Ivoire)
The morphometric evolution of the valleys and the associated geomorphological risks in the major Ivorian cities are poorly documented. This is what justifies this research, the objective of which is to analyze the impact of urban growth on the morphometric configuration of the valleys in the city of Daloa. To achieve this objective, our methodological approach was based on a morphometric analysis of toposequences which consisted mainly of topographic surveys and field observations. The results indicate that in the city of Daloa, the valleys have essentially two types of morphology that depend on the level of densification of housing, economic activities and population density. The valleys with low steepness, gentle slopes and wide bottoms can be seen in the downtown districts; then the moderately steep-sided valleys, with less gentle slopes and relatively narrow bottoms, extend into the districts of the peri-urban belt. In and around the valleys in and around the city centre, population density and construction activities are accelerating diffuse runoff; The wide bottom of the valleys exposes the human and material stakes to the risk of flooding. While, in the valleys of the outlying districts, the more or less steep walls of the slopes accentuate the phenomena of landslides, gullies and landslides of small magnitude.
Land use and morphometric evolution of valleys in the commune of Daloa (Central-West Ivory Coast)
Pineapple production in Côte d'Ivoire: history of an activity through maps
Presented as one of the flag crops in a good part of the Ivorian forest south in response to the crisis that punctuates the coffee-cocoa pairing, pineapple-cultivation, despite a timid start, has managed to impose itself. Its history is marked by episodes combining crisis and success despite an impact that suffers no contestation in the forest south. This study aims to make its history in Côte d'Ivoire based on cartographic supports and various secondary data. The results of the analysis of these data show that pineapple cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire, unlike that of Latin American countries, is a recent activity. The first initiatives characterized by the production of canned pineapples date back to 1949 off the coast of Ono-Salci. Thanks to the agricultural diversification policy in 1970, pineapple cultivation experienced an unremarkable spatial expansion. Geographically, the activity remains dependent on the agroclimatic conditions of the forest south, to the point of making it a specific crop of the area.
Ivory Coast History of pineapple cultivation Maps
Geographies of tourism knowledge: scientific networks and territorial inequalities in public universities of Andalusia, Spain (2010-2023)
This study analyzes the institutionalization and scientific production of Tourism degree programs in public universities of Andalusia between 2010 and 2023, from the perspective of Geographies of Knowledge. To this end, a methodological design is adopted that combines institutional sources, bibliometric indicators, and academic network analysis. The results reveal that the location of universities conditions their capacity to attract students, faculty precariousness constrains the accumulation of scientific capital, and research output growth remains uneven across institutions. These findings confirm that tourism knowledge is mainly produced in specific territories and framed within power relations, where universities act as epistemic nodes embedded in global hierarchies. International collaborations, oriented towards Ibero-America and marginally towards Africa, reinforce the idea that knowledge circulates in selective geographic circuits, combining cultural affinity with asymmetries in academic access and production.
Resistance and resilience: the importance of the Family Farming Market in Armação dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Family farming is central to valuing food culture, with its multiplicity of knowledge practices and foods. Open-air markets are a short supply–chain strategy that gives visibility to diversified family production. This article examines the Family Farming Market in Búzios as a territory of resistance for the production of smallholders, quilombola communities, and fishers. The methodology combined documentary and regulatory review, fieldwork, and semi-structured interviews with vendors and the market organizer. The material was systematized and analyzed in light of the importance of food culture and the valorization of territories of “re-existence,” with particular emphasis on the Family Farming Market of Armação dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The findings show that the market mobilizes multiple spheres of society through the power of food—from production to sale and consumption—constituting a space of political resistance and the affirmation of food culture.
Pareceristas da edição: volume 5, número 40, janeiro/junho, 2025
Review of the book Amazone. Un monde en partage
Review of the book "Amazone. Un monde en partage", by Hervé Théry. The book is part of the collection “Géohistoire d’un fleuve” published by the prestigious CNRS Éditions. In this book, Théry makes us see and feel the land from the river and makes us rethink the Amazonian territories from a geohistorical perspective.
The troubadour of the basement and his little map of time: possible articulations between the teaching of geographical categories and Belchior’s work
The article in question aims to analyze the lyrics of songs by Ceará singer-songwriter Antônio Carlos Belchior (1946-2017), in the light of the main geographical categories: space, territory, region, landscape, and place. The paper was prepared using methodological procedures such as a bibliographic and documentary review on the use of music as a teaching resource, geographical categories in geography teaching, and the artist’s biographies. Subsequently, a survey of his compositions was carried out, and based on reading and systematization, possible relationships between each geographical category and his works were identified. Finally, an in-depth analysis of selected songs and their contributions to geography teaching was proposed. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of music in geography teaching contributes to the appreciation of Brazilian culture, broadens students’ linguistic repertoire, and encourages the development of a critical and analytical view of both national culture and Brazilian geography itself.
Conditioning and triggering factors for landslide events in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Every year, Brazil experiences landslides that result in widespread damage, several fatalities and disruption in the daily life of the affected population. In this study, we investigated the main types of landslides in Vitória, their conditioning and triggering factors, and spatial distribution. We compiled a landslide inventory from geological-geotechnical reports and tested the independence and correlation of conditioning and triggering causal factors and landslide events. The most common types of landslides in Vitória are shallow slides and rockfalls, clustered around the Central Massif and coastal hills, where talus deposits, residual soils, and rocky outcrops predominate. The main conditioning factors identified were man-made processes (e.g., defects in drainage systems and modifications in slope geometry) and ground conditions (e.g., weathered materials, contrast in permeability), while the main triggering factors are related to rainfall, especially the high prolonged precipitation events.
For a geography of existences: interview with professor and geographer Catia Antonia da Silva
Catia Antonia da Silva is a native of Rio de Janeiro, an educator, researcher, and full professor in the Department of Geography at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). She graduated in Geography from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in 1987, holds a master’s degree in Urban and Regional Planning from UFRJ (1994), and earned her PhD in Geography from the same university in 2002. Her work stands out in topics such as socio-environmental conflicts, traditional peoples and communities in urban contexts, artisanal fishing, and teaching and research methodology. Based on her studies, she developed the category of Geography of Existences to reflect on the invisibilized, those with “mutilated citizenships.” She is the leader of the Research and Extension Group “Urban, Territory, and Contemporary Changes” and the founder and coordinator of the Socio-Environmental Observatory of Sepetiba Bay. She served as director of the Extension Department at UERJ (2016–2019) and vice-rector of Policies and Student Assistance at UERJ (2020–2023). The interview with Catia was conducted virtually on March 26, 2024, at 3 p.m. (Brasilia time).
Interview conducted with Professor and geographer Milton Santos on March 14, 2000, by Paulo Cesar Scarim, as part of a master’s thesis defended at the University of São Paulo (USP) in 2000, under the supervision of Professor Ana Fani Alessandri Carlos.
Land use around Corumbá IV reservoir: analysis and alignment with PACUERA guidelines
Analyzing land use over time is essential for understanding the landscape’s geoecological changes, which directly affect vital resources like water and biodiversity. This study investigates changes around the Corumbá IV Reservoir to track landscape modifications and evaluate local planning since the reservoir’s establishment. We utilized digital cartographic data from IBGE (municipal boundaries), DGI/INPE (digital terrain model), MapBiomas, and satellite imagery from Google’s database, processing all inputs in QGIS 3.34 to create maps that compare observed land use with the strategy outlined in the PACUERA. Results indicate increased lakeshore urbanization between 2016 and 2023, along with reductions in forested and agropastoral areas and non-compliance with the original plan. We conclude that environmental planning needs restructuring.
Spatial analyses. Landscape change. Metrics of land use in space and time.
Ethnogeographic approach to artisanal fishingin the Río Negro – Uruguay
Ethnogeography is a field of study that examines how human cultures interact with their geographic environments, analyzing the perceptions, uses, and meanings people attribute to a particular territory. This approach is applied to the study of artisanal fishing in the Río Negro, Uruguay, highlighting the social construction of the territory and the importance of local knowledge in the relationships between communities and the environment. The research draws on ethnogeographic fieldwork, analysis of local narratives, and historical investigation to examine the territorialities of artisanal fishing groups. The findings are organized into four dimensions: family and personal, socioeconomic and cultural, environmental and resource management, and the future of fishing. Results reveal that artisanal fishing is a family legacy central to the identity of fishers, despite persistent challenges such as environmental degradation, declining income, and the difficulty of transmitting knowledge to younger generations. Fishing communities demonstrate remarkable resilience and adaptability, continually seeking to achieve sustainability and protection of the ecosystems on which their lives and culture depend.
Agrihydrobusiness in Uruguay: land grabbing, agrarian intensification, and water appropriation
Water grabbing is a global issue, and the unequal appropriation of water is an emerging topic in Uruguay. This paper analyzes the pathways of water appropriation in rural territories of Uruguay and discusses the existence of water grabbing processes by examining agrarian intensification, land grabbing, and the construction of reservoirs for irrigation. A review of background studies and the processing of official data was conducted to characterize agrarian transformations. In addition, remote sensing techniques were used to georeference reservoirs, and geographic information systems were employed to analyze spatial relationships with agrarian variables. The results show an increase in the appropriation of green and blue water, along with an increase in gray water and international flows of virtual water. These increments, together with recent modifications in irrigation regulations, constitute the prelude to water grabbing in Uruguay.
Appropriation of water resources in Uruguay
Pareceristas da edição: Volume 4, Número 39, julho/dezembro, 2024
Copyright (c) 2024 Geografares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review of the book The Rights of the Oppressed
My work as a geographer has always led me to understand the dynamics of the poor and at the same time the causes of their marginalization in various territories. I always learned in school, in the early cycles, that society would be largely to blame for the situation of abyss between the poor and the rich, especially the middle class. The attribution of an alleged “culpability” of society in relation to the creation of a bipolar scenario between “opaque places and luminous places”, an expression coined by Milton Santos, seems to have left the State aside and very comfortable. The book “The Rights of the Oppressed” is a criticism of the absence of States with regard to the lack of justice in poor territories. Boaventura de Sousa Santos shows us how the societies of countries find solutions to their internal conflicts such as Cape Verde, Angola, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Macau and Mozambique; and in the Jacarezinho favela in Rio de Janeiro, which is the core of this review.
Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves de CERQUEIRA NETO
Discourse and practice in human geography
This article examines the way in which our disciplinary discourse shapes our material practices as researchers and our ways of thinking. It uses as a case study the term ‘competitiveness’, considering its origins and meanings within economics and business, the way these are imported into our own work, and the consequences of an unexamined acceptance of the validity and meaning of the term. The article works through two examples of discourse in action, asking to what degree Nike’s ‘competitiveness’ depends on access to low-cost labour in offshore production sites, and whether the ‘competitiveness’ of Baltimore would be harmed by adopting the ‘living wage’ as the local minimum. The article argues the necessity of analysing ourselves as social and historical actors and assessing the way we work and the way we use language in order to strengthen our research and improve the standing of the discipline.
Differential mortality from external causes in Brazil from 2000 to 2022
External causes constitute a heterogeneous set, comprising components with distinct determinants, profiles, and trends. This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics, trends, and spatial distribution of mortality from external causes and its main components in Brazil and its Federative Units from 2000 to 2022. The methodology involves the construction of indicators, the application of methods to assess trends, and the spatial represent. Mortality from external causes ranks fourth among all causes of death. Its main components —homicides, transport accidents, falls, and self-inflicted injuries—exhibit diverse trends. Falls increased by 322.95% over the period; suicides, by 142.80%; transport accidents, by 17.70%; whereas homicides registered a decrease of 2.19%. Given its magnitude and consequences for individuals, families, and society, mortality from external causes represents a significant challenge for public health and policy programs aimed at preventing and reducing these avoidable harms.
Ciências Humanas e Ciências sociais aplicadas
Times of disenchantment: a neoliberal dystopia in the urban apocalypse
Review of the book The Walking Dead explica a natureza da cidade e o sentido do neoliberalismo, by Tadeu Alencar Arrais (Rio de Janeiro: Letra Capital, 2022, 88p.). Based on an analysis of the famous American series, the author discusses themes such as urbanization, neoliberalism and violence. The Walking Dead is a metaphor for daily life in very difficult times.
From horizontal city to vertical city: rent of land as a perspective to understand changes in spatial forms in Vitória, Brazil
The focus of this research is Vitória (ES), which, in the 1940s, was still characterized as a horizontal city. However, the following decade saw an intensification of verticalization, initially concentrated in the central area and subsequently expanding into the coastal neighborhoods. During this time, land ownership was predominantly public, with transfers granted by the State upon payment of an annual fee. Government policies facilitated land occupation, including initiatives such as donating construction materials. A correlation can be observed between the transition from public to private land ownership and the methods of construction, which influenced the city’s spatial organization: Vitória transitioned from a horizontal layout to a vertical one as buildings were increasingly designed for rent or sale. The underlying hypothesis is that the privatization and instrumentalization of land, shaped by how space was constructed—whether for personal use, rental, or sale—provide key theoretical insights into understanding the city’s spatial transformation.
Scientific Circulation, Language Policies, and the Geopolitics of Translation in the IBGE Geographic Bulletin During the Estado Novo Period (1943–1945): an introduction
This introductory text seeks to explore the history of geography from a perspective rarely examined in Brazil, both in terms of subject matter and methodology: that of languages and translations, framed by decoloniality and translation studies. To this end, we focus on the IBGE Geographic Bulletin during the Estado Novo period (1943–1945), identifying a noteworthy issue: Implementing an intensive multilingual editorial policy facilitates scientific circulation through various translations. However, this policy emerged within a context where the Estado Novo promoted the Portuguese language as a key symbol of nationalism and national identity. Beyond shedding new light on the history of Brazilian geography, a study of the Geographic Bulletin can contribute to understanding why a peripheral country invests so heavily in translation as a genre of scientific exchange and how this process unfolds.
The 2024 Climate Tragedy in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Notes on a foreseen catastrophe
This brief account captures the experiences and observations recorded on-site by the authors during and after the climate disaster that struck the state of Rio Grande do Sul from late April through May 2024. This report aims to consolidate information on what is regarded as one of the most severe climate disasters in Brazil from the onset of the catastrophe to the end of October 2024. For this purpose, we gathered data from various official and unofficial sources, fellow researchers from several universities, online news outlets, social media, and personal testimonies collected during and after the catastrophic events.
Review of the E-book Mapeamento e análise espaço-temporal dos manguezais do Espírito Santo
This is a review of the book on mapping and spatial-temporal dynamics of the Espírito Santo Mangroves, published in e-book format by the Instituto Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos of Espírito Santo, written by geographer Roberto José Hezer Moreira Vervloet. The book contains information and maps that are available on the institute’s website, where they can be downloaded free of charge by the general public, and is the first in a series of detailed mappings of the state’s ecosystems.
Spatiotemporal analysis of buildings in flood hazard areas in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
Rapid urbanization and climate emergencies pose significant challenges to urban planning, management, monitoring, and the regulation of inadequate land occupations, particularly in flood-prone areas. This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and occupation in critical flood hazard zones in Guarapuava (PR) from April to November 2023. The methodological approach involved visual interpretation of Google Earth imagery and orthomosaics obtained through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), focusing on areas requiring public attention. The results indicate an increase in soil impermeabilization and a growing number of residential structures in flood-hazard areas. The findings suggest that the pace of urban occupation in flood-prone zones often exceeds regulatory agencies’ monitoring and enforcement capacity. Therefore, beyond implementing land use regulations in flood hazard areas, effective enforcement measures are crucial, as greater exposure to hazards heightens the risk of disasters.
Jaime Sergio Frajuca Lopes Frajuca Lopes
Thematic mapping of Burundi using geospatial data and satellite images processed by geoinformatics methods
This paper presents the implementation of the integrated cartographic approach for environmental mapping of Burundi, East Africa. Monitoring different types of land cover in Africa by remote sensing is presented using GRASS SIG methods. The series of thematic maps of vegetation and habitat types, landscapes, topographic, geomorphic and geological context of Burundi is created in QGIS and GMT software. The methodological issues concerning the processes of cartographic scripting are discussed with commented snippets of programming codes using syntax of GRASS GIS. Several modules are used for satellite image mosaic, processing vector and raster data, and classification. The paper documents environmental features of Burundi, such as vegetation types, land cover patterns, geologic setting and landscape distribution using digital cartographic tools. A series of the thematic maps is proposed to support environmental policies on agricultural management in Burundi.
Explorations of antivalue in Francisco de Oliveira and David Harvey
This study examines the notion of antivalue in the works of Francisco de Oliveira and David Harvey, in dialogue with Marx, aiming to expand the theoretical understanding of the movements of value. The qualitative approach discusses and advances the conceptual elaboration of the authors, highlighting convergences and divergences in their conceptions. As a result, the triad of value, anti-value, and non-value is proposed as a contribution to the critical debate.
The making of the Samarco disaster from the perspective of risk
This article discusses the Samarco disaster, seeking a reading based on the risk approach – specifically criticizing the technical-economic foundation of risk analysis and the business rationality of maximizing economic results and reducing costs – paying attention to legal transgressions of mining companies and the inoperability of the law. At the end of the article, we state that, more than the dimension of risk within the scope of the conditions leading to disasters around mining, it is necessary to question neo-extractivism as a privileged model of development. To prepare this article, we used relevant literature, analysis of legislation regarding dams used for waste disposal and technical reports produced on the rupture of the Fundão dam.
Review of the book Geography and Phenomenology: the misplacement of Martin Heidegger's humanist assimilation
Review of the book by Luis Carlos Tosta dos Reis and Josimar Monteiro Santos. Geography and Phenomenology: the misplacement of Martin Heidegger's humanist assimilation. Curitiba: Editora Appris, 2024.
The city and the citizen: for a political-territorial approach to the concept of citizenship from an emancipatory perspective
This article proposes an analysis of the concept of citizenship based on a territorial anchoring that highlights an articulating perspective between Law and Geography. Through exploratory research, it seeks to shift the discussion of citizenship as a legal-normative category to conceive it within a broader political framework, grounded in territorial-based struggles and social movements of resistance. The journey begins by locating the forms of understanding citizenship in different periods of Western history, analyzing the changes, continuities, and contradictions that have established themselves over time. After that, the relationship between citizenship and territory is discussed, invoking the territorial component as the material content of the exercise of citizenship itself. Finally, it seeks to link the concept of citizenship to the notion of territorial resistance, primarily from a critical perspective of the constituent power of Human Rights. In conclusion, it affirms the importance of insurgent movements and territorial dynamics in the processes of realizing citizens’ rights and human emancipation.
Theory of the State and Political Sciences