Anti-inflammatory potential of photoprotective compounds: a molecular docking analysis against COX-2 and 5-LOX
Anti-inflammatory potential of photoprotective compounds: a molecular docking analysis against COX-2 and 5-LOX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/hb.73.52408Keywords:
in silico method, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, anti-inflammatory agents, sunscreen filtersAbstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can trigger cutaneous inflammatory processes associated with the production of arachidonic acid-derived mediators through the enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). In this preliminary study, the anti-inflammatory potential of 11 compounds with known photoprotective activity and four polyphenols was evaluated against both enzymatic targets using molecular docking. Based on the fitness scores, the ligands showing the best relative performance within the series were prioritized. Against COX-2, only iscotrizinol (87.86) and DHHB (71.64) exhibited scores higher than that of the natural substrate, arachidonic acid (AA), which achieved a score of 70.53. For 5-LOX, iscotrizinol (70.59) showed a profile similar to that observed for COX-2, whereas a distinct behavior was revealed by the tendency of bulky and lipophilic compounds to achieve higher fitness scores. Bemotrizinol (72.07) and bisoctrizole (70.01) reached scores close to or higher than that of AA (70.95). This study highlighted that high fitness scores do not always correspond to structurally favorable binding modes, enabling the identification of false positives associated with molecular size effects or inadequate accommodation within the binding site, as observed for iscotrizinol, bisoctrizole, bemotrizinol, and DHHB. In contrast, (R)-octocrylene exhibited consistent interactions with COX-2, whereas octyl salicylate was the only ligand to display a structurally coherent interaction profile against both enzymes. The data suggest that some compounds with photoprotective activity may interact with enzymatic targets involved in inflammation; however, this potential should be confirmed through experimental studies and additional simulations.
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