Drug toxicity: consequences of the interaction of alcohol with benzodiazepine medications and Z-drugs
Drug toxicity: consequences of the interaction of alcohol with benzodiazepine medications and Z-drugs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/hb.73.52279Keywords:
alcohol, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, drug interactions, drug toxicityAbstract
Anxiety disorders represent a major public health problem and, when persistent and associated with functional impairment, may require pharmacological treatment. Among the medications used, benzodiazepines and Z-drugs are noteworthy, being prescribed primarily as anxiolytic and hypnotic agents, respectively, and exerting their effects through modulation of GABA-A receptors. The concomitant use of these drugs with alcoholic beverages potentiates central nervous system depressant effects, increasing the risk of excessive sedation, cognitive impairment, respiratory depression, and death. This study aimed to analyze the consequences of the interaction between alcoholic beverages and benzodiazepines and Z-drugs. A narrative literature review was conducted between February 2025 and January 2026 using Google Scholar, PubMed, and LILACS databases, complemented by searches of government publications. The studies demonstrated that the concomitant use of alcohol and these medications intensifies central nervous system depression, promoting excessive sedation, memory impairment, respiratory depression, hepatic dysfunction, and, in severe cases, coma and death. Furthermore, prolonged concomitant use contributes to the development of tolerance and dependence. In conclusion, the interaction between alcohol, benzodiazepines, and Z-drugs represents a significant public health risk, highlighting the need for appropriate medical and pharmaceutical counseling regarding the rational use of these medications, as well as educational strategies aimed at preventing this potentially harmful combination.
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