Latin American Journal of Energy Research
A Lajer - Latin American Journal of Energy Research é uma revista científica de acesso aberto, completamente gratuita em todas suas etapas, com periodicidade quadrimestral (janeiro-abril, maio-agosto e setembro-dezembro), e-ISSN 2358-2286 e DOI 10.21712. A Lajer tem classificação B2 nas áreas: Interdisciplinar, Engenharias I, Engenharias IV, Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design e Ciências Agrárias I, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">quadriênio 2017-2020, <a style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #006798; font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" href="https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/veiculoPublicacaoQualis/listaConsultaGeralPeriodicos.jsf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Qualis Periódicos da Capes<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">. São publicados artigos científicos originais correlatos com o tema de energia abordando as temáticas: a) Petróleo e Gás Natural, b) Geologia e Geofísica, c) Engenharias, d) Eficiência Energética, e) Energias de Baixo Carbono (renováveis), e f) Transição Energética. A submissão, e todas as etapas, é online e realizado via a plataforma OJS/PKP. Em no máximo 15 dias os autores são informados sobre o status da submissão efetuada. Após a avaliação, os artigos aceitos são enquadrados no formato Lajer com atribuição do DOI. A revista está cadastrada no Portal de Periódicos Capes e em diversas bases indexadoras. A escrita abreviada é "Lat. Am. J. Energy Res." (Fonte: Paperpile).
O autor, no ato da submissão do artigo, transfere o direito autoral ao periódico.
Application of the IoT concept and open-source platforms for condition monitoring of low voltage electrical panels
In an increasingly dynamic, complex and competitive market, an adequate maintenance strategy is essential for companies to get their processes and equipment operating safely and reliably, in aiming to meet quality requirements and reduce overall costs. In this assumption, the implementation of condition monitoring solutions plays an important role in Maintenance Management. This work aims to present a development of a low-cost equipment prototype based on IoT (Internet of Things) concepts and technologies with the application of an ESP32 microcontroller and open-source platforms intending to monitor electrical and environmental data from an electrical panel, as well as using the concept of Big Data for the construction of a model for providing data for health prognosis and failure prediction of electrical equipment. Bench tests and sensor calibration were conducted to validate the consistency of sensor readings and for guarantee the measurement in the database. For installation in an industrial environment, thresholds were set for each variable in a monitoring software which allows for sending alerts, identifying measurement deviations and composing maintenance/performance indicators based on electric current, voltage, humidity, temperature, pressure, active power, reactive power and power factor, besides opening/closing some equipment and physical MCC doors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Latin American Journal of Energy Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Wind Energy in Brazil and Preliminary Assessment of Wind Resources in Tangara da Serra, Mato Grosso State
The growing global demand for energy, driven by economic expansion, has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Among renewable energy sources, wind power has gained increasing relevance worldwide. In Brazil, installed wind energy capacity reached 33.3 GW in February 2025, distributed across 1,109 wind farms and accounting for 15.9% of the national electricity matrix, with an estimated potential ranging from 300 to 500 GW. This paper presents a literature review of wind energy production in Brazil and provides a preliminary assessment of the technical feasibility of installing wind turbines in the municipality of Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State. The analysis draws on anemometric data from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and published studies. Results indicate that the mean annual wind speed in the region (~6 m/s at 50 m height) falls below the conventional threshold for economically viable wind generation (7–8 m/s), although low-wind-speed turbine technologies may improve this outlook.
Decadal Analysis of the Efficiency and Degradation of a Photovoltaic Plant in a Semi-Arid Region
In recent years, the pursuit of sustainable energy sources and concerns about the environmental impacts of fossil fuels have driven the growth of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil, which stands out as a promising alternative in the global energy scenario. Considering the need for monitoring and maintenance of solar plants, it becomes essential to understand how the efficiency and performance of these installations evolve over time. In this context, the present study carried out a ten-year analysis of the efficiency and performance of a photovoltaic plant installed in 2013 at the Mossoró campus of UFERSA, with a power of 3.43 kWp, consisting of 14 modules of 245 Wp connected in a single string. The methodology involved collecting and comparing the main electrical parameters of the plant, such as voltage, current, power, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power factor, evaluating data obtained over ten years of operation. The main objective of the work was to quantify losses and identify trends of system degradation, aiming to indicate necessary interventions to mitigate losses and improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. As results, gradual reductions in efficiency and changes in the analyzed parameters were observed throughout the studied period, associated with factors such as dirt accumulation, shading, and natural degradation of the modules. Continuous monitoring and the adoption of preventive maintenance practices proved essential to correct deviations and ensure the best system performance over time
Comparação do desempenho dos algoritmos XGBoost e LightGBM na previsão de potência de sistemas fotovoltaicos
Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar o desempenho, na previsão da potência gerada por dois sistemas fotovoltaicos, dos algoritmos, baseados em boosting, XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) e LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine). A base de dados foi obtida de uma Estação de Pesquisa em Energia Solar (EPESOL). A EPESOL possui dois sistemas distintos de energia solar fotovoltaica: um utiliza silício monocristalino (m-Si) e o outro silício policristalino (p-Si). A base de dados compreende 25235 observações, para cada tecnologia, e inclui as seguintes variáveis: Potência elétrica DC, Temperatura dos módulos, Irradiação solar e Hora do dia. Os hiperparâmetros dos modelos foram otimizados por meio da biblioteca Optuna. Para avaliar o desempenho, dos modelos LightGBM e XGBoost, foram utilizadas as métricas R2, MAE e RMSE. Os resultados obtidos indicaram, para ambos os sistemas fotovoltaicos, uma forte correlação entre valores reais e previstos (R² > 0,96). Este desempenho evidencia a eficácia, dos modelos XGBoost e LightGBM, na previsão da geração de potência em sistemas fotovoltaicos.
Impact of renewable intermittency on brazilian smart grids
The growing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources, particularly solar photovoltaic and wind generation, has significantly transformed the Brazilian electricity matrix and the operational dynamics of the power system. Although essential for advancing decarbonization and meeting climate targets, these technologies introduce substantial challenges to the stability, predictability, and operational flexibility of smart grids. This article investigates, through an integrative literature review, case study analyses, and a comparison of national and international experiences, the technical, regulatory, and operational effects associated with intermittency in the Brazilian context. The results highlight the need to expand solutions such as multi-scale energy storage systems, advanced weather forecasting models based on artificial intelligence, active demand response mechanisms, and increased infrastructure digitalization. Despite the progress achieved, regulatory barriers, institutional constraints, governance challenges, and technological gaps still hinder the full integration of these resources. Finally, the study proposes guidelines for strengthening the regulatory framework, modernizing the grid, improving planning and operational criteria, and advancing workforce training, establishing essential foundations for an intelligent, resilient, and secure energy transition in Brazil.
Evaluation of the energy consumption of conventional lighting and the cost reduction with its replacement by photovoltaic systems in the parking lot of IFPB - Campus Patos.
The growing demand for electricity and concerns related to the environmental impacts of conventional generation systems have driven the adoption of renewable sources, particularly photovoltaic solar energy, especially in regions with high levels of solar irradiance, such as the state of Paraíba. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the energy consumption of conventional lighting and the technical-economic feasibility of replacing it with a photovoltaic system in the parking lot of the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Patos Campus. The methodology involved surveying the energy consumption of the existing lighting system, sizing the photovoltaic system according to the usage conditions of the environment, analyzing the technical aspects of implementation, and conducting an economic evaluation using financial indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV) and the payback period. The results indicated that the energy consumption of the analyzed parking lot corresponds to 4.64% of the total electricity bill of the campus and that the photovoltaic system has an estimated payback period of 1 year and 11 months, demonstrating its economic viability and potential for reducing operational costs with electricity. Thus, the adoption of photovoltaic systems for lighting proves to be an efficient and sustainable alternative for public educational institutions.
Analysis of the numerical simulation of a tilted heterogeneous reservoir using the black oil model
Numerical simulation is a fundamental tool for reservoir engineering, as it allows the optimization of production in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study aims to analyze the dynamic behavior of a heterogeneous reservoir using the three-phase Black Oil model, through the open source simulator Open Porous Media (OPM Flow), with the visualization of the results through the ResInsight software. The model used was SPE9. Composed of 25 producing wells and 1 water injection well, covering a Cartesian grid of 9,000 blocks, with top depths ranging from 9,000 and 10,216 feet and with a porosity of 0.08 to 0.17. The methodology used was divided into 3 stages: pre-processing, processing and post-processing, with the implementation of mass conservation laws and Darcy's law. The numerical model was discretized by finite volumes and solved by Newton's method. The analysis of the results showed variations in pressure over the simulation time. The results show the importance of simulation for decision-making in reservoir engineering.
Diagnóstico e simulação de falha em um transformador de potencial capacitivo de 345 kV
Este trabalho investigou a falha de um transformador de potencial capacitivo (TPC) de 345 kV, cujo secundário apresentou tensão nula, com o objetivo de elucidar suas causas e características por meio de abordagens experimentais e computacionais. A metodologia incluiu inspeção visual detalhada, que revelou um traço condutivo na placa de conexões da bobina primária do transformador de potencial indutivo (TPI) e umidade na caixa de base, seguida de ensaios elétricos realizados em três etapas: antes da desmontagem, após a desmontagem e após a remoção da trilha condutiva, e o desenvolvimento de um modelo MATLAB/Simulink capaz de simular condições normais e de falha. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram que a presença da trilha condutiva provocava um curto-circuito severo no primário do TPI, anulando a relação de transformação, enquanto sua remoção restaurava os parâmetros a valores próximos aos nominais, estabelecendo uma relação causal clara. A simulação computacional validou esses resultados ao reproduzir a tensão nula no secundário quando um curto era inserido no primário. A umidade na caixa de base foi identificada como fator determinante, pois degrada o isolamento e favorece a formação de caminhos condutivos. Concluiu-se que a falha do TPC teve origem em um curto-circuito no enrolamento primário do TPI, materializado pela trilha condutiva na placa de conexões e facilitado pela umidade, comprometendo medições. A convergência de evidências visuais, experimentais e simuladas confere alta confiabilidade às conclusões e reforça a aplicabilidade da simulação computacional como ferramenta diagnóstica e de análise de riscos.
The energy recovery of organic waste through anaerobic digestion is an important strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promoting the circular economy in institutional environments. However, the lack of standardized digital tools makes it difficult to systematically record and monitor the operation of educational biodigesters. This paper presents the development and validation of a multi-platform, open-source mobile application for managing biogas production, energy estimates and quantifying avoided emissions in public schools. The system was implemented in Python/Kivy, with a modular architecture and SQLite database for offline operation, including waste registration, automatic calculation of biogas production, monitoring of gas measurements and export of reports. The solution was used in three educational institutions, and a case study was presented in which 219.10 kg of organic waste resulted in an estimated production of 15.12 m³ of biogas and mitigation of 182.10 kg CO₂eq. The results show greater reliability, agility and traceability of operational data, as well as support for environmental management and experimental teaching. The proposed platform is low-cost, scalable and replicable, making it an effective technological tool for integrating renewable energy generation, environmental monitoring and scientific education
Desidratação de gás natural com glicóis: avanços tecnológicos e desafios operacionais
O processo de desidratação do gás natural (GN) é mandatório para prevenir a formação de hidratos e corrosão em dutos. A absorção com trietilenoglicol (TEG) é o método industrial padrão, mas apresenta desafios de consumo energético e emissões de poluentes (BTEX). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o estado da arte do processo de desidratação de GN com TEG, identificando avanços tecnológicos e gargalos operacionais. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, seguindo o método PRISMA, com 25 artigos selecionados das bases Web of Science e SciELO no período de 2021 a 2025. A análise dos resultados foi estruturada em três pilares metodológicos identificados: (1) a consolidação da simulação computacional (Aspen Hysys®) para modelagem de processo; (2) a ascensão da Inteligência Artificial (Gêmeos Digitais, Machine Learning) para otimização e diagnóstico em tempo real; e (3) o desenvolvimento de tecnologias emergentes, como Leitos Rotativos (RPB) e membranas híbridas, visando a intensificação e a sustentabilidade. A revisão também quantificou o trade-off central do processo, onde a busca pela máxima pureza do TEG (exigindo altas temperaturas, ~204°C, e baixas pressões) conflita diretamente com o consumo de energia e a geração de emissões. Conclui-se que as perspectivas de inovação no setor apontam para a integração de soluções híbridas, combinando a predição de modelos de IA com hardwares intensificados, de modo a otimizar simultaneamente a eficiência, os custos e o desempenho ambiental.
Risk analysis of the MEG regeneration system in FPSO units: application of the Bowtie method
Oil and natural gas are the main energy sources used worldwide, playing a crucial role in transportation, electricity generation, and heating. Offshore production has expanded over the decades, driven by the search for new reserves and technological advancements. In this context, Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platforms play a fundamental role, enabling the extraction, processing, and storage of oil and gas in remote offshore locations. One of the operational challenges in these units is the formation of hydrates, which can block production lines. To prevent this issue, Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) is used as an inhibitor, reducing hydrate formation and allowing for regeneration and reuse, making the process more efficient. The MEG regeneration system involves its separation from water and impurities in a distillation column, ensuring its reintegration into the production cycle. Offshore operations require stringent safety measures due to extreme environmental conditions and the presence of flammable substances. This study applied the Bowtie methodology to assess risks in the MEG regeneration module of an FPSO unit, identifying threats, preventive and mitigating barriers, and the consequences of system failures. The analysis revealed that failures in MEG regeneration can significantly impact platform operations, leading to environmental, economic, and safety risks. The integration of risk management strategies, combining the Bowtie method with other approaches such as HAZOP, enhances operational safety and improves the efficiency of offshore activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Latin American Journal of Energy Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Thermal recovery of organic solid waste by aerobic process: fuel derived from food waste
The inadequate disposal of food waste represents an environmental and energy challenge. Pressurized aerobic digestion emerges as an innovative alternative, enabling the reduction of residual mass and the production of biocompost with energy characteristics. In this study, food waste was subjected to controlled aerobic digestion for 14 days, resulting in mass reductions ranging from 60% to 79%. The obtained biocompost was characterized in terms of its physicochemical composition, with carbon content ranging from 37% to 44% and low sulfur content (<0.2%). Thermal analyses (TG/DSC) indicated multiple combustion stages, with a profile favorable for sustained heat generation. The higher heating value (HHV) ranged from 15.46 to 17.47 MJ/kg, values comparable to charcoal and higher than many agricultural-origin biofuels. The results demonstrate the viability of the process as a fast strategy for energy valorization of food waste, with potential to reduce environmental impacts and contribute to the renewable energy matrix.
Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Brazil Using Artificial Neural networks: Na Investigation into Industrial Processes
Given the need for more effective public policies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and for decision making aimed at strategic planning in key economic sectors, such as energy, industry, and agriculture, among others, with a view to environmental sustainability, this investigation aimed to evaluate how the process of computational modeling, forecasting, and simulation based on artificial neural networks can allow the assessment of the impact of changes in the energy matrix on carbon dioxide emissions from the Brazilian industrial sector. The results observed indicate that the process of computational modeling, forecasting, and simulation based on artificial neural networks has as its primary outcome the possibility of objectively evaluating the impact of changes in the energy matrix on the CO2 emissions of the Brazilian industrial sector. As a secondary outcome, resulting from the simulation process itself, the results observed in this scientific study made it possible to identify those energy sources whose replacement with alternative sources considered clean and renewable, even at small percentages up to 1 percent, would allow a more than proportional reduction up to 10.30 percent in CO2 emissions from the Brazilian industrial segment as a whole. Additionally, the results observed indicated that fuel substitutions in the energy matrix should be carried out in a targeted manner, or in other words, specifically and individually by fuel type, since simultaneous reductions in all fuels that compose the energy matrix were not as significant as the reductions observed in scenarios in which percentage reductions were proposed for only one source.
Green Property Tax as an Instrument to Promote Energy Efficiency in Urban Buildings
Brazil’s rapid urbanization, with 87% of its population living in cities, intensifies the demand for public policies aimed at energy efficiency in buildings, a sector responsible for nearly half of national electricity consumption. Within this framework, the Green Property Tax (IPTU Verde) emerges as an extrafiscal mechanism to stimulate sustainable practices; however, its implementation lacks technical standardization and alignment with broader sectoral policies. This qualitative and exploratory study draws on bibliographic review and documentary analysis of municipal regulations (Salvador, Palmas, and Curitiba), focusing on verification criteria, scope of fiscal benefits, and potential impacts. Results reveal heterogeneous approaches: Salvador applies a point-based certification system, Palmas emphasizes solar generation, while Curitiba prioritizes environmental conservation. Identified limitations include verification costs, restricted social reach, and weak monitoring. The study concludes that IPTU Verde holds transformative potential if linked to national technical standards, credit and retrofit programs, and continuous performance assessment mechanisms.
Influence of curing type on the filler effect of ground scheelite residue in cementitious matrix
The prerogative of achieving Sustainable Development Goal number 12 by 2030 encourages researchers to promote the guarantee of sustainable consumption and production patterns for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry. This involves analyzing the properties of scheelite waste due to the large volume generated in the Currais Novos/RN region as a result of tungsten production, mainly for the export market, and seeking to find a suitable destination for it. However, there are gaps in the literature regarding the technical feasibility of using this ground residue as a partial replacement for conventional aggregate in the production of cementitious matrices. In this context, this research aimed to verify the filler effect of ground and sieved scheelite residue in mortars. The methodological procedures for processing the waste material used consisted of using grinding and sieving techniques. The preparation of the alternative mortars was carried out using cylindrical molds with dimensions of (50 X 100) mm with partial replacement levels to the conventional aggregate of 10% and 15%. The results obtained demonstrated the technical feasibility regarding the parameter determined in this investigation. Furthermore, increasing the substitution of sand with the beneficiated residue promoted a filler effect, and wet curing achieved better results for unconfined compressive strength. Moreover, the values ​​were within those established by NBR 13281-2 (ABNT, 2023) for use in mortar for laying masonry walls and for completing masonry.
Digestão anaeróbica em dois estágios de resíduos de café com glicerol residual para produção de hidrogênio e metano: análise bibliométrica e inovação
A digestão anaeróbica em dois estágios tem se destacado como uma alternativa inovadora para a valorização de resíduos agroindustriais, especialmente os provenientes da cadeia do café, como casca e borra, quando associados ao glicerol residual. Essa configuração, que separa as fases acidogênica e metanogênica, proporciona maior estabilidade operacional, controle de parâmetros críticos e incremento no rendimento energético, com produção simultânea de hidrogênio e metano. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise bibliométrica sobre a aplicação da digestão em dois estágios a resíduos de café em co-digestão com glicerol residual, bem como mapear registros tecnológicos relacionados em bases de patentes, a fim de identificar tendências e lacunas de pesquisa. A metodologia consistiu em buscas sistemáticas nas bases Scopus e Web of Science, além das plataformas Espacenet, Google Patents, USPTO, INPI e Patentscope, utilizando descritores como “anaerobic digestion”, “coffee”, “glycerol”, “biogas” e “hydrogen”. Os resultados indicaram crescimento contínuo nas publicações entre 2020 e 2025, com predomínio de estudos europeus, enquanto o Brasil, maior produtor mundial de café, ainda apresenta participação limitada. Identificou-se que o periódico Bioresource Technology concentra a maioria dos trabalhos de relevância. A busca em bases de patentes não revelou registros que combinem explicitamente resíduos de café e glicerol em digestão em dois estágios para coprodução de H₂ e CH₄, demonstrando originalidade da temática e potencial de inovação. Conclui-se que a tecnologia investigada contribui para a economia circular, a redução de impactos ambientais e a diversificação da matriz energética, configurando uma oportunidade estratégica para o Brasil no contexto da transição energética global.
Cogeneration and Bioelectricity Production in the Sugarcane Energy Sector
Biomass from sugarcane plays an important role in the Brazilian energy matrix, offering both scale and energy flexibility. In this context, the aim of the present study is to analyze the Brazilian sugar-energy sector, with emphasis on cogeneration and the production of bioelectricity from sugarcane. The methodology included gathering information from government agencies and sector associations, as well as related studies on the topic. The results show that the Brazilian sugar-energy sector has significant potential for bioelectricity generation, driven by several factors. Despite this, it faces challenges that require public policies, intersectoral cooperation and investments. In 2023, 20.97 TWh were exported to the National Interconnected System, a volume sufficient to supply approximately 4% of the country’s electricity consumption, in addition to avoiding the emission of about 4.3 million tons of CO₂. Bioelectricity generation for the grid was concentrated during the dry season, strengthening energy security and reducing dependence on hydropower
Comparative evaluation of the Peng-Robinson equation and its variants Mathias-Copeman and Stryjek-Vera, for pure methane in subcritical regime.
This study evaluates the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state and two variants using the Mathias-Copeman (MC) and Stryjek-Vera (SV) alpha correction functions for pure methane, adopting the Setzmann-Wagner ancillary equations as reference. The formulations were implemented in Python to calculate the saturation pressure , the saturated liquid density , and the saturated vapor density . For , a good visual agreement with the reference is observed, and the mean absolute percentage deviations indicate the best overall performance for MC, followed by SV and then PR, although the differences among the curves are small. For , the models show overestimation at low temperatures, with a progressive reduction of the deviation as temperature increases; PR, MC, and SV exhibit very similar trends, but with large deviations relative to the reference. For , the three models remain close to the reference over most of the interval, with a slight advantage for MC and SV, while PR tends to show somewhat larger deviations, without relevant discrepancies.
Numerical modeling of electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHEVs) in ADVISOR: a brief literature review
A literature review is presented on hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), based on numerical simulations carried out using the ADVISOR software. The investigation was conducted by selecting five articles, defined through bibliometric criteria following the Science Mapping methodology and the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The goal was to compare fuel consumption, performance, and greenhouse gas emissions of these two types of vehicles. ADVISOR, developed as a tool for simulating and analyzing the dynamic behavior of vehicles, makes it possible to evaluate different propulsion configurations, including electric vehicles, fuel cell hybrid vehicles, and models equipped with internal combustion engines (ICEVs). In this way, it serves as a comprehensive platform for comparative studies between electric and conventional mobility alternatives
CFD Simulation of Gas–Solid Mixing in a Spouted Bed Applied to the Conversion of Polyolefin Waste
Pyrolysis in spouted bed reactors can recover aluminum and produce waste-derived fuel from carton packages. However, reactors with polyethylene/aluminum composite (LDPE/Al) and sand mixing (of different sizes and specific densities) can lead to unstable spouting regimes. Therefore, this research aims to simulate the gas-solid flow in beds with mixtures of sand and LDPE/Al using a 2D Euler-Euler Granular model. This allows for the identification of stable operational conditions with low particle segregation. Results show that the mixing index predictions agree with experimental data. Predicting the effect of operating conditions and mixture properties on the degree of bed mixing aids in the start-up of pyrolysis reactors for producing waste-derived fuels and aluminum recovery.
Energy efficiency strategy in data centers: a systematic review
: A massive amount of data is processed daily in a Data Center (DC), and this workload has been increasing every year due to the expansion of cloud-based services and large-scale applications. In this context, a systematic review was conducted focusing on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles published in different parts of the world, with the objective of presenting actions and strategies developed in various contexts to address the growing energy consumption in these environments. Furthermore, challenges related to the quality and continuity of power supply are highlighted, as they directly and indirectly affect the operation of Data Centers. With each technological expansion, new investments in equipment are required, which consequently lead to higher energy demand. Finally, this study presents the selection of articles based on established criteria and their respective contributions to the adoption of best practices that promote the efficient and sustainable operation of DC.
Biocomposites and natural fibers for oil-water separation: a review on materials, modifications, and performance
The continuous expansion of industrialization, energy demand, and economic development has been directly correlated with the increasing incidence of oil spills and the discharge of oily effluents, posing an environmental and ecological risk of global magnitude that threatens human health and the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. The development of sustainable sorbent materials for the treatment of oily effluents is primarily based on the valorization of agricultural biomass residues, whose structure is mainly composed of natural fibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This study conducts a systematic review of the recent literature on natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites applied to the treatment of oily effluents. The analysis focuses on modification strategies and evaluates the materials' performance in terms of sorption capacity, selectivity, reusability, and stability.
Influência do Sulfato de Bário na Reologia de Emulsões de Petróleo
As emulsões de petróleo, comumente formadas durante o processo de produção, representam um desafio significativo para a indústria de óleo e gás, devido à sua influência no escoamento e na separação das fases. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar experimentalmente o comportamento reológico de emulsões de petróleo do tipo água em óleo (A/O), preparadas com água destilada e solução contendo sulfato de bário (BaSO₄). As amostras foram analisadas em temperaturas de 15 °C e 30 °C utilizando o modelo de Herschel–Bulkley, visando compreender a influência dos sólidos e íons presentes sobre a viscosidade e a estabilidade das emulsões. Os resultados indicaram que, na presença de sulfato de bário, houve aumento da tensão de escoamento e do índice de consistência, especialmente a 15 °C, sugerindo maior interação interfacial e formação de redes estruturadas. A elevação da temperatura reduziu esses efeitos, aproximando o comportamento do fluido ao regime Newtoniano. O teste de gota confirmou a predominância de emulsões A/O, evidenciando que o sulfato pode alterar a membrana interfacial, reforçando a estabilidade do sistema. Esses achados contribuem para o entendimento do impacto dos íons e sólidos suspensos no comportamento reológico de emulsões de petróleo, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de estratégias de mitigação e separação mais eficientes.
Avaliação de alternativas para a eficientização do aproveitamento de gases siderúrgicos visando repotenciação do sistema de cogeração das utilidades
No Espírito Santo, a indústria siderúrgica é responsável por mais de 60% das emissões do setor de indústria e energia, quase 35% das emissões totais, cenário para aplicação da eficiência energética como estratégias de descarbonização. Este estudo analisa a rota de ciclos combinados para repotenciação, com consequente aumento da eficiência no aproveitamento dos gases siderúrgicos em uma siderúrgica do estado, com foco na redução das emissões específicas. A indústria estudada aproveita a energia térmica e química dos gases siderúrgicos para gerar cerca de 500 MW, potência essa que é quase toda gerada em seis unidades de cogeração com turbinas vapor. A avaliação focou na Unidade Termelétrica 1 (UTE-1), com a proposta do acoplamento de uma turbina a gás ao sistema de cogeração a vapor, configurando um ciclo combinado, mantendo os mesmos parâmetros do ciclo a vapor. A modelagem da planta foi feita no software IPSEpro, para o cálculo das potências, disponibilidade energética dos gases e eficiências. Três cenários foram definidos, sendo que o primeiro (caso 0) é correspondente ao atual, o segundo (caso 1) um ciclo combinado que usa um compressor para pressurizar os gases siderúrgicos e o terceiro (caso 2) avalia o impacto da ausência do compressor de gases siderúrgicos. Os resultados mostram que, do caso 0 para o caso 1, a eficiência elétrica líquida muda de 29,23 a 45,40%, enquanto a eficiência líquida da cogeração varia de 33,88 a 51,50%. Já o caso 2, que não usa o compressor de gases siderúrgicos, alcança 48,00% de eficiência elétrica líquida e 53,76% de eficiência líquida da cogeração. As eficiências do caso 1, sugerem futuros estudos de um ciclo a vapor com caldeira supercrítica, que pode superar este ciclo combinado.
Transportation of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures in pipelines: review of recent literature
This study presents a bibliometric review on the transport of hydrogen–natural gas mixtures through pipelines. The objective is to identify research trends, main contributors, and scientific gaps related to hydrogen blending as a strategy to support the energy transition. The analysis used a quantitative approach based on bibliometrics, employing the Bibliometrix package in R Studio to process data extracted from Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2020 and 2025. The Methodi Ordinatio equation was applied to rank the most relevant publications. Results show a significant growth in research on hydrogen transport through existing gas infrastructure, with China leading global scientific production. The International Journal of Hydrogen Energy stands out as the main publication source. Challenges such as hydrogen embrittlement, material compatibility, and transport costs remain barriers to large-scale implementation. This review contributes by mapping key actors, regions, and knowledge gaps, highlighting the need for future research integrating life-cycle analysis and material integrity studies to ensure safe and cost-effective hydrogen blending in pipeline networks.
Estudo da dinâmica de colisão de gotas: abordagem de simulação numérica direta
O fenômeno de colisão entre gotas é encontrado tanto no ambiente natural quanto na produção industrial. Na área da energia, é possível citar a presença deste fenômeno em processos de separação óleo-água, injeção de combustíveis e sistemas de pós-tratamento de gases oriundos da combustão. A colisão tem sido estudada extensivamente ao longo de várias décadas, mas grande parte da dinâmica de colisão entre gotas ainda precisa ser explorada. Questões como o impacto do tempo de drenagem do filme nas simulações e a validação por meio de dados experimentais, após análise adimensional, podem contribuir para os estudos ocupando um espaço até então pouco explorado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar, por meio de simulações numéricas diretas, a dinâmica de colisão frontal entre gotas utilizando o parâmetro tempo de drenagem do filme e grupos adimensionais como o número de Weber, número de Reynolds, razão de massa específica e razão de viscosidade sobre os tempos de colisão e de recuperação. Para isso, foram adimensionalizadas as equações de conservação da massa e de quantidade de movimento; definidos um domínio bidimensional e uma malha adaptativa em função do diâmetro inicial da gota; desenvolvido o código para o solver de código aberto Basilisk® que foi a plataforma de solução numérica das equações de conservação. Os resultados evidenciaram que o tempo de colisão é impactado diretamente pelo tempo de drenagem do filme, diferentemente do tempo de recuperação que não apresentou alterações mesmo para tempos de drenagem diferentes. Os valores para o tempo de drenagem adimensional iguais a 0,35, para a condição de coalescência, e 0,60 para a condição de rebote permitiram similaridade com dados experimentais atestando a validade do modelo. Palavras-chave: colisão binária, gotas, parâmetros adimensionais, simulação numérica direta, tempo de drenagem do filme.
Use of artificial intelligence tools to identify CaCO3 polymorphs in the scaling process under oil well conditions
Inorganic scaling by calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in oil wells is one of the major challenges to flow assurance, especially in pre-salt environments where variations in pressure, temperature, and CO₂ degassing promote the precipitation of polymorphs such as calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. These deposits reduce production efficiency and significantly increase operational costs. In this context, this study proposes the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and computer vision techniques to automatically identify and segment CaCO₃ polymorphs from in situ microscopic images. The model was developed using the YOLOv8n-seg architecture, a state-of-the-art You Only Look Once (YOLO) convolutional neural network designed for real-time object detection and segmentation with high accuracy and low computational cost, adapted here to identify and quantify CaCO₃ crystalline morphologies. The training, performed with images obtained in a pressurized reactor under simulated pre-salt well conditions, achieved expressive performance metrics (mAP@0.5 = 0.933 and F1-score = 0.89). The results demonstrate that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approach can distinguish calcite, aragonite, and vaterite morphologies quickly and reliably, complementing traditional characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, by enhancing automatic and real-time analytical capabilities. The study highlights the potential of neural networks to improve the diagnosis and control of scale formation in petroleum production systems, contributing to higher operational efficiency and safety.
CFD-DEM in energy conversion technologies: a mini-review on parameters associated with residual-residual and residual-wall interactions in the reactor
The global energy transition has driven the development of technologies capable of converting biomass and waste into fuels. In this context, spouted bed reactors stand out due to their high gas–solid mixing efficiency, enhancing thermochemical processes. However, predicting the fluid dynamic behavior of these reactors remains challenging due to the complex fluid–particle interactions. The coupling between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) emerges as a promising approach to understanding these phenomena, provided that the input parameters are experimentally determined and physically consistent. This work presents a mini-review of experimental procedures and methodologies used to determine fundamental parameters in CFD-DEM simulations, such as the coefficient of restitution, static and rolling friction coefficients, and angle of repose. The main procedures reported in the literature are described, including the free-fall method, inclined plane, rolling ramp, and rectangular box with movable flaps. The analysis shows that the proper definition of these parameters is essential for the reliability and reproducibility of simulations. It is concluded that the integration of standardized experimental tests with numerical modeling represents the most efficient approach to improving gas–solid system simulations and accelerating the development of innovative and sustainable energy conversion technologies.
Numerical strategies for simulating flow through thin isotropic porous media: benchmark between Ansys Fluent and OpenFOAM
The present work performs a benchmark between the softwares Ansys Fluent and OpenFOAM for the simulation of flow in thin isotropic porous media. The single-phase, turbulent, and steady-state simulations were conducted based on experimental data from the literature, namely, pressure drop data by filtration velocity resulting from flow in a filtration box, which allowed adjusting the parameters of viscous and inertial losses for the macroscale modeling of the flow in a filter. The results showed agreement between the adjusted and simulated pressure drop obtained by the pressure averages at the porous medium inlet and outlet. The analysis of velocity and static pressure contours proved to be coherent with the flow dynamics in both softwares with deviations ranging between 1.43% and 12.37% for maximum pressure and between 0.97% and 4.18% for maximum velocity. The study revealed critical issues for modeling flow in porous media through the adjustment of pressure drop data by filtration velocity: the viscous and inertial resistance coefficients calibrated by the regression of experimental data induced pressure drop errors of 10%, 4.6%, and 1%, for filtration velocities of 5, 10, and 15 cm/s, respectively; the approach used for data validation based on the average pressures at the porous medium inlet and outlet proved to be robust due to the capture of the pressure distribution over the entire filter surface; the modeling of the inlet velocity based on the mass balance between the porous medium and inlet, resulted in numerically higher filtration velocities than the theoretical ones, indicating the need for an iterative adjustment in this condition to ensure that the required filtration velocity is properly reproduced in the porous medium; the high-pressure gradients, boundary layer detachment, and recirculation zones evidenced the need for using more robust turbulence models for the capture of the involved phenomena; and finally, the boundary condition approach using porousBafflePressure presented unsolved convergence challenges for the tested scenarios, preventing its viability.
Aproveitamento do calor residual da incineração de biomassa de um sistema híbrido PTC-RSU para geração de hidrogênio e processos térmicos auxiliares
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise teórica do aproveitamento do calor residual gerado em uma planta híbrida de incineração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) e energia termossolar concentrada (PTC). O sistema estudado opera 24/7, com um fluxo de 27,04 kg/s de RSU e produção contínua de 77 MW, sem armazenamento. A temperatura do calor residual varia entre 220°C e 788°C ao longo do dia. Avalia-se a viabilidade de produção de hidrogênio através de reforma termoquímica e SOEC durante as horas de alta temperatura e a utilização do calor residual noturno para secagem da biomassa ou processos térmicos auxiliares. O estudo considera parâmetros médios de eficiência da literatura sendo o rendimento da reforma de 35% e rendimento do SOEC de 30%. Os resultados indicam que o calor residual pode gerar entre 12 e 18 kg de H₂ por tonelada de RSU durante o dia, pelas rotas tecnológica de SOEC e de reforma termoquímica respectivamente, enquanto o calor noturno pode ser aproveitado para processos de secagem, aumentando a eficiência global do sistema e reduzindo desperdícios energéticos. O trabalho fornece uma base teórica para futuras implementações e otimizações em plantas híbridas urbanas de geração de energia.