Romanitas - Revista de Estudos Grecolatinos
type: channel
description: Romanitas – Revista de Estudos Grecolatinos was born, at first, from a finding: the visible lack, in Brazil, of journals of an interdisciplinary nature committed to the dissemination of intellectual production around Greek and Roman society, a reality in sharp contrast with the increase in the interest aroused, in the last decades, by Classical Studies, as it is possible to conclude based on the growing number of researchers involved, at all levels of academic formation, with research projects on the past of Greece and Rome, which motivated the team of Laboratory of Studies on the Roman Empire/Section ES, linked to the History Postgraduate Program of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Ufes), to found the journal.
publisher: Portal de Periódicos da Ufes
language: pt-BR
publication name: Romanitas - Revista de Estudos Grecolatinos
issn: 2318-9304
copyright: a. The authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication. b. The authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. c. Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their personal page) after the first publication by the journal, with due credit. d. The journal's texts are licensed under a CC BY 4.0 Deed Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY).
items: Roman expansion and integration of provincial territories
items: Introduction
items: Luxury wine in Rome
items: The historiography on Domitian in three acts
items: On ancient medicine and food
items: Patronage, Leadership, and Conflict in the Republic
items: Bread and beer
items: Brief reflections on History of Medicine and the use of 'garum' as medication
items: Between past and present
items: The visual culture and the classics
items: Food, water and wine in the medicinal practices of Oribasius (4th century CE)
items: Os louros ingratos da guerra civil
items: The integration of Illyria into the Roman Empire (3rd century BC-1st century AD)
items: Health, illness, ethos and epimeleia
items: The Pythagorean diet of Apollonius of Tyana in the biography written by Philostratus
items: Martyrdom as rhetorical construction in the discourse of Augustine of Hippo (4th-5th centuries CE)
items: Considerations on the Roman Empire and the development of Christianity
items: Beyond the Euboeans
items: The Roman imperialist practice in Saguntum
items: Powers in conflict
items: The stoicism goes to the frontiers
items: ‘From Libya all of the Mediterranean coast is in its power’
items: The gods in the process of Mediterranean networks
items: Succession disputes on the Armenian Throne
items: The wine in traditional Roman medicine
items: Healing and medical practice in Ancient Egypt, or
items: Sex and fertility
items: Transportation, sale and consumption of food in Antioquia (IV-V century)

Roman expansion and integration of provincial territories
type: item
description: Interview with Vagner Carvalheiro Porto, professor at the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of the University of São Paulo (MAE/USP). He holds a PhD (2007) and a Master's degree (2001) in Archaeology from USP, and a Bachelor's degree in History from the University of Santo Amaro (1994). He coordinates the Laboratory of Provincial Roman Archaeology (LARP/USP), where he conducts research on the Roman provinces of Syria-Palestine and the Iberian Peninsula. He also leads the research groups “Ancient Numismatics” and “Interactive Archaeology and Electronic Simulations” (ARISE). Additionally, he serves as co-editor-in-chief of the Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP and is a CNPq research productivity fellow. Among his most recent research projects are those carried out at the archaeological site of Tel Dor, in Israel. His work focuses on the analysis of Roman expansion and the integration of conquered territories into the imperial order.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Roman expansion
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Territories
  topic: keywords
subject: Provinces
  topic: keywords
creator: Vagner Carvalheiro Porto
creator: Guilherme de Aquino Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 28
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-2

Introduction
type: item
description: Introduction of the dossier: "Processes of expansion and integration in the ancient Mediterranean".
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Expansion
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Mediterranean
  topic: keywords
creator: Guilherme de Aquino Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 10
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-1

Luxury wine in Rome
type: item
description: The relationship between humans and food initially arises as a primary response to the stimulus of hunger, as a natural instinct for survival. The oldest civilizations emerged where sustenance was guaranteed, and their evolution is closely connected to advancements in the productive sphere. In archaic Roman society, food consisted of products derived from an agricultural and pastoral economy, but contacts with the Etruscans and Greeks permeated Roman culture with new values: the banquet became associated with pomp and luxury as a tangible and necessarily manifest expression of real wealth; even wine became one of the characteristic and most important elements to demonstrate this social status. The aim of this text is to present how wine, unknown to the Greeks and Romans in the archaic period, became a fundamental food on the Roman table and how the Romans developed specific techniques for the cultivation and production of this beverage. In the second part of this article, I will present the results of an experiment conducted between 2009 and 2013 in which we aimed to verify if a wine considered luxurious by the Romans could be considered a quality wine today.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Wine
  topic: keywords
subject: Rome
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Social status
  topic: keywords
creator: Antonio Aguilera Martín
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 79
ending page: 99
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-6

The historiography on Domitian in three acts
type: item
description: In this article, we propose an analysis of the representations of Emperor Titus Flavius Domitian (81-96) in the texts of antiquarian historians confined to the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. We identify three perspectives on this controversial Princeps. In the period spanning from the late 19th century to the mid-1930s, the traditionalist perspective stands out, wherein, despite its proponents recognizing the importance of material culture in historical analyses, primacy is still given to textual sources. In the second phase, between the mid-1940s and 1989, revisionist texts emerge, in which the characterization of tyranny, inherited from the traditionalists, began to be questioned by historians through the exploration of material culture. Finally, in the rhetorical perspective, which unfolds between the 1990s and the first two decades of the 21st century, historians and classicists are observed to understand the rhetorical construction of both textual sources and material documentation.
subject: Open subject
  topic: section
subject: Domitian
  topic: keywords
subject: Historiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Tyranny
  topic: keywords
subject: Blame
  topic: keywords
creator: Irlan de Sousa Cotrim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Irlan de Sousa Cotrim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 209
ending page: 228
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-11

On ancient medicine and food
type: item
description: Interview with John Wilkins, Emeritus Professor of Classical Studies at the University of Exeter, United Kingdom, a specialist in the History of Food and Medicine in the Greco-Roman World, and a member of the scientific committee of the journal Food and History, published by the European Institute of Food History and Cultures.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: John Wilkins
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Antiquity
  topic: keywords
creator: John Wilkins
creator: Margarida Maria de Carvalho
creator: Nathalia Monseff Junqueira
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 John Wilkins, Margarida Maria de Carvalho, Nathalia Monseff Junqueira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 9
ending page: 12
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-1

Introduction
type: item
description: Introduction of the dossier: "Medicine and Food in Antiquity".
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Antiquity
  topic: keywords
creator: Margarida Maria de Carvalho
creator: Nathalia Monseff Junqueira
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 7
ending page: 8

Patronage, Leadership, and Conflict in the Republic
type: item
description: In this article, we aim to analyze the role of veterans between 64 and 27 BC, in the final decades of the Republic, as a support group for Julius Caesar and Octavian. During this period, the veterans emerged as a significant force, quickly co-opted by these leaders, who saw in them a resource to challenge senatorial politics. In exchange for their support, the veterans demanded material benefits, consolidating a patronage–client relationship. This bond not only characterized their actions but also contributed to the profound social transformations that marked the Republican crisis.
subject: Open subject
  topic: section
subject: Late Republic
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Veterans
  topic: keywords
subject: Julius Caesar
  topic: keywords
subject: Octavian
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayla Fernanda de Oliveira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ayla Fernanda de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 175
ending page: 194
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-11

Bread and beer
type: item
description: Ethnographic reports from Antiquity reveal some societies’ singularities listed in their pages. Political, military and everyday aspects are reported, imprinting mythological and rational explanations, which are characteristics of the thought developed in the ancient world. The aim of this article is to show the Egyptians’ diet, described in the narratives of the historians Herodotus (ca. 484-425 BC) and Diodorus Siculus (ca. 90-30 BC) as well as the geographer Strabo (ca. 64 BC - 23 BC). These travelers, who wrote in different historical contexts, were chosen for several reasons. The first one is due to their stay in Egypt for some years and because they shared a common culture, writing consistently in Greek. Such narratives shed light on the processes of food production in Egypt and possible changes, if any, from the Saitic to the Hellenistic periods. In addition, we will support our analysis with the material culture produced by the Egyptians in terms of food preparation, so that we can observe the way this society prepared bread and beer.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Ancient Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Bread
  topic: keywords
subject: Beer
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnographic reports
  topic: keywords
creator: Nathalia Monseff Junqueira
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nathalia Monseff Junqueira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 64
ending page: 78
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-5

Brief reflections on History of Medicine and the use of 'garum' as medication
type: item
description: In this contribution, I seek to provide a very brief comparative perspective between ancient and modern medicine, outlining a historical background that I believe is pertinent and didactic for my main theme, which is the use of garum as a medication in ancient medicine and veterinary medicine. In doing so, I present the human practice of care under a more revealing time continuum, attempting to demonstrate that our current level of knowledge about medicine is very recent and that we need to respect the legacy of the ancients.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: History of Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: History of techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancient Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancient Veterinary
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancient Pharmacology
  topic: keywords
subject: Garum
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulo Duprat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Paulo Duprat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 13
ending page: 33
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-2

Between past and present
type: item
description: This paper aims to establish an overview comprising Mediterranean Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology to discuss themes such as migration, memory, and temporality. The study of contemporary societies and their relationship with the material world can help to understand the intersections between the past and the present of societies that lived in the same geographical space of the Mediterranean. Thus, we will explore the navigation scenario, focusing on shipwrecks. Although such phenomena occur for different reasons, they are felt and expressed by distinct societies, offering archaeological interpretations of the past, while also serving as a possibility of archaeology of the present.
subject: Open subject
  topic: section
subject: Archaeology of the Mediterranean
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnoarchaeology
  topic: keywords
subject: Migrations
  topic: keywords
subject: Shipwrecks
  topic: keywords
subject: Memory
  topic: keywords
creator: Letícia Aga Pereira Passos
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Letícia Aga Pereira Passos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 229
ending page: 246
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-12

The visual culture and the classics
type: item
description: Interview with Jaś Elsner.
subject: Dossiê: Vertentes da linguagem visual nas sociedades clássica e pós-clássica
  topic: section
subject: Jaś Elsner
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Classics
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaś Elsner
creator: Edjalma Nepomoceno Pina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-09
publication date: 2024-07-09
starting page: 10
ending page: 18
doi: 10.29327/2345891.23.23-2

Introduction
type: item
description: Presentation ofvolume 23 of Romanitas Journal.
subject: Dossiê: Vertentes da linguagem visual nas sociedades clássica e pós-clássica
  topic: section
subject: Introducion
  topic: keywords
subject: Romanitas
  topic: keywords
subject: Dossier
  topic: keywords
creator: Edjalma Nepomoceno Pina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Edjalma Nepomoceno Pina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-09
publication date: 2024-07-09
starting page: 7
ending page: 9
doi: 10.29327/2345891.23.23-1

Food, water and wine in the medicinal practices of Oribasius (4th century CE)
type: item
description: Oribasius of Pergamum was a Neoplatonic doctor from Late Antiquity, more specifically from the period of approximately 320 to 403. His work was considered for a long time to be a mere compilation of Galen. We reject this idea when we see that there are several medical supplements updated by this doctor in his time. In this article, we aim to analyze food, water, and wine in the medicinal practices of Oribasius. In terms of food, we chose to talk about red meat. All these elements are part of the medical diet written by Oribasius for Emperor Julian and his military troops.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Oribasius
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Water
  topic: keywords
creator: Margarida Maria de Carvalho
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Margarida Maria de Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 136
ending page: 152
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-9

Os louros ingratos da guerra civil
type: item
description: Propõe-se, neste artigo, analisar a ação da documentação numismática na construção de memória e sua atuação nos conflitos políticos internos vividos por Roma durante as últimas décadas do período republicano. As moedas romanas, na condição de agentes da memória, intervinham ativamente nos conflitos. A partir da seleção de três fontes (RIC 545, RRC 448/3 e RRC 443/1), datadas de entre 49 e 28 a.C., buscamos compreender a forma particular como as peças monetárias recordavam as Guerras Civis, evitando dar visibilidade à dimensão doméstica dos conflitos e, ao mesmo tempo, enfatizando as guerras contra povos estrangeiros.
subject: Open subject
  topic: section
subject: César
  topic: keywords
subject: Esquecimento
  topic: keywords
subject: Guerra civil
  topic: keywords
subject: Memória
  topic: keywords
subject: Moeda
  topic: keywords
subject: Otávio
  topic: keywords
creator: Giovanni Pando Bueno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Giovanni Pando Bueno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 195
ending page: 213
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-12

The integration of Illyria into the Roman Empire (3rd century BC-1st century AD)
type: item
description: This article aims to examine the integration of Illyrian territory into the Roman Empire. We demonstrate that the Roman conquest and occupation were slow and gradual processes, extending over centuries until the establishment of the province. Between the 3rd century BC and 1st century AD, Illyrian territory was the stage of disputes, and its integration was carried out through various Roman strategies, not only military but also political and legal. Furthermore, we note the influence of the natives in this process, either through direct resistance or through established agreements. Initially, we explore the ethnic and geographic composition of Illyria in the pre-Roman context, and then we discuss the phases of the annexation of the region into the Roman Empire, addressing the natives’ resistance and the role of local elites in the integration process.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Frontiers
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman Empire
  topic: keywords
subject: Illyria
  topic: keywords
creator: Guilherme de Aquino Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Guilherme de Aquino Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 71
ending page: 91
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-5

Health, illness, ethos and epimeleia
type: item
description: In this article, we will address the characteristics that the ethical-dietary concern takes in the work of Hesiod. For this, we will analyze the recommendations that suggest a concern for a dietary issue, which stresses the health-disease dyad, inscribed in the ethos understood as a way of living. We propose an archaeological approach, which implies thinking and moving through a thicket of knowledge and discourses that constitute an underlying discursive conglomerate, without constituting a determining element of subsequent emergencies. Once each of the topics has been analyzed, we will try to think about the scope of this incipient subjectifying babbling in order to discover its ethical scope, trace and reveal what Michel Foucault understands by “politics of existence”, address an archaic fold of what represents the “arts of existence.” Ultimately, we will delve into the Hesiodic corpus to rescue what we understand as a concern for a “wisdom of life”, to think about the relationships between myth and philosophy.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Hesiod
  topic: keywords
subject: Works and Days
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Diet
  topic: keywords
subject: Subjectivity
  topic: keywords
creator: María Cecilia Colombani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 María Cecilia Colombani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 34
ending page: 47
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-3

The Pythagorean diet of Apollonius of Tyana in the biography written by Philostratus
type: item
description: In this text, we propose to address the representation of Apollonius of Tyana as a follower of a Pythagorean diet free from the consumption of animal meat in the biography Life of Apollonius of Tyana, written by the sophist Flávio Filóstratus (3rd century CE). We start from the observations of Marcel Detienne (1970, 1975, 1998 [1972]) that the choice for a diet without animal meat by ancient philosophical-religious groups can be considered as a rejection of the city because the sacrifice to the gods was refused. And, in the case of some Pythagoreans, it could mean a proposal for political reform of cities. Knowing this and perceiving Apollonius as politically active in the biography written by Philostratus, we will analyze the construction of his political role as a reformer and the meaning of his diet and lifestyle to achieve this.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Apollonius of Tyana
  topic: keywords
subject: Philostratus
  topic: keywords
subject: Pythagoreanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Pythagorean diet
  topic: keywords
subject: Meat-free diet
  topic: keywords
creator: Semíramis Corsi Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Semíramis Corsi Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 118
ending page: 135
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-8

Martyrdom as rhetorical construction in the discourse of Augustine of Hippo (4th-5th centuries CE)
type: item
description: Book review of: PLOYD, A. Augustine, martyrdom, and Classical rhetoric. New York: Oxford University, 2023. 184 p.
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
subject: Martírio
  topic: keywords
subject: África do Norte
  topic: keywords
subject: Agostinho de Hipona
  topic: keywords
subject: Donatismo
  topic: keywords
creator: Igor Pereira da Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Igor Pereira SILVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 222
ending page: 229
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-14

Considerations on the Roman Empire and the development of Christianity
type: item
description: Book review of: CHEVITARESE, A. L.; SILVA, G. V. (org.). Cristianismos no Império Romano. Rio de Janeiro: Menocchio, 2023. 344 p.
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
subject: Roman Empire
  topic: keywords
subject: Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Christianity
  topic: keywords
creator: Anderson Leonardo Vaz Stein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anderson Leonardo Vaz Stein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 215
ending page: 221
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-13

Beyond the Euboeans
type: item
description: The present article examines the issue of the origin of Pithecusa, an ancient Greek city located on the island of Ischia, in the Gulf of Naples. It investigates the historical disputes about the city’s founders and evaluates the validity of these narratives. Over the centuries, different theories have emerged, attributing the foundation of Pithecusa to different Greek ethnic groups, such as the Euboeans or the Phoenicians. The text analyses the historical and archaeological evidence behind these theories and proposes a reflection on how to understand the complexity of ancient Pithecusa.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Pithecusa
  topic: keywords
subject: Euboeans
  topic: keywords
subject: Phoenicians
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous
  topic: keywords
subject: Local communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Rodrigo Araújo de Lima
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rodrigo Araújo de Lima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 27
ending page: 52
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-3

The Roman imperialist practice in Saguntum
type: item
description: The process of Roman territorial annexation, as observed in the case of Sagunto, is a clear example of Roman imperialist practices. Sagunto, part of Hispania Citerior and, later, Hispania Tarraconensis, illustrates how Rome implemented its control through urban reconstruction and the co-option of local elites. The city, devastated by Carthage during the Second Punic War, was rebuilt by the Romans, who used strategies such as administrative installation and the creation of municipalities to integrate the population into the Roman power system. Annexation was not a homogeneous process, varying according to Rome’s political, economic, and strategic needs. This process also reflected the complexity and variability of the relationships between Rome and the subjugated societies, highlighting the importance of considering historical and cultural specificity in the analysis of Roman imperialism.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Imperialism
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman annexation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sagunto
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Eduardo da Costa Campos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Eduardo da Costa Campos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 107
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-6

Powers in conflict
type: item
description: In this study, we will address the main narratives about the changes that occurred in the high priesthood of Ptah from Memphis, in the Early Roman Period. The enigmatic death of the young Memphite high priest Imhotep/Padibastet IV, the last of his lineage, two days before Augustus’s entry into Alexandria, is commonly interpreted as a deed of the latter, even though recently this view has been challenged, attributing its responsibility to quarrels internal to the family of Memphite pontiffs themselves. Firstly, we will seek to understand the strategies employed by Rome, in general, and by Octavian in particular, in the search for the suppression/control/reduction of the political-social-economic prestige of the clergy. Soon after, we will show the likely influence of the clerical family on these events.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Roman Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: Ptolemaic Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: High priests of Ptah at Memphis
  topic: keywords
creator: Renato Pinto
creator: Victor Braga Gurgel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Renato Pinto, Victor Braga Gurgel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 128
ending page: 140
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-8

The stoicism goes to the frontiers
type: item
description: This article examines the rhetorical and argumentative construction of the so-called “barbarian” peoples in the philosophical thought of Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 BC–65 AD). It also considers how the author understood the complex intercultural relationships that arose on the borders of the Roman Empire, especially those of the Rhine and Danube rivers, inhabited by Germanic and Sarmatian peoples. References to non-Romans are frequent in his writings, though not presented in a systematic way. Therefore, in order to obtain a broader picture of the subject, it is necessary to consider them collectively. Based on these discursive fragments, we aim to understand how Seneca perceived the world beyond the traditional Roman limes of his time, and to what extent barbarian peoples could serve as the foundation for ethical notions consistent with the Stoicism he embraced.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Seneca
  topic: keywords
subject: Stoicism
  topic: keywords
subject: Borders
  topic: keywords
subject: Barbarians
  topic: keywords
subject: Germans
  topic: keywords
creator: Cesar Luiz Jerce da Costa Junior
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cesar Luiz Jerce da Costa Junior https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 141
ending page: 159
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-9

‘From Libya all of the Mediterranean coast is in its power’
type: item
description: In this article, the objective is to analyze how the Greek geographer Strabo of Amasia (64 BCE–24 CE) enunciated the process of Rome’s territorial expansion in North Africa. To do this, we will examine Book XVII of Geography, which contains the description of Libya. The relations established between Romans and Libyan peoples were marked by collaboration and conflict. Strabo, throughout his discourse, refers to Rome and the actions of its agents in the oikoumene, understanding Roman expansion in Libya as a process that began in the Republican period and was still ongoing in his time. It is concluded that the expansion is evidenced by terminology, exploitation of local resources, institution of provinces, and the presence of agents serving Rome in North African territory.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Expansion
  topic: keywords
subject: Territory
  topic: keywords
subject: Rome
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Strabo
  topic: keywords
creator: Alaide Matias Ribeiro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alaide Matias Ribeiro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 108
ending page: 127
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-7

The gods in the process of Mediterranean networks
type: item
description: As a vital connection space, the Greeks engaged in naval practice in the Mediterranean as a fundamental component for the preservation of the polis system. However, the sea, as represented by the Greeks in textual documents, remained characterized by ambivalence, being described both as fertile – a source of fish – and as infertile – the salty sea could not sustain life like cultivated land. In order to investigate the importance of the gods and their actions in ensuring navigation safety, we will focus on debates about understanding the Mediterranean as a key element in analyses dedicated to studies of exchanges and contacts. In this context, we will examine the social condition of sailors and the performance of rituals and cult practices in their devotion to the gods, aiming to ensure a safe passage through the Mediterranean.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Mediterranean
  topic: keywords
subject: Navigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ritual
  topic: keywords
subject: Gods
  topic: keywords
creator: Camila Alves Jourdan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Camila Alves Jourdan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 53
ending page: 70
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-4

Succession disputes on the Armenian Throne
type: item
description: This article examines a passage from Tacitus’ Annals, offering a concise account of a military conflict in the Roman East. Armenian, Parthian, and Roman auxiliary forces clashed amid succession disputes involving Armenians, Parthians, and Romans. Tacitus analyzes the event, shedding light on the challenges of Emperor Tiberius’ foreign policy and on the Julio-Claudian dynasty’s interactions with client kingdoms and foreign adversaries. Moreover, the passage offers insights into Roman perceptions of neighboring and frontier peoples. Finally, it highlights historical shifts in Roman imperialist perspectives during the transition from Republic to Principate.
subject: Dossier: Processes of Expansion and Territorial Integration in the Ancient Mediterranean
  topic: section
subject: Tacitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Annals
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman East
  topic: keywords
subject: Military conflicts
  topic: keywords
subject: Imperialist perspectives
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafael da Costa Campos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael da Costa Campos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 160
ending page: 173
doi: 10.29327/2345891.25.1-10

The wine in traditional Roman medicine
type: item
description: This study explores the crucial role that wine played in traditional Roman medicine. Wine was not only a foodstuff but also a therapeutic component used in healing practices and disease prevention. Its use has been evidenced since archaic times, in what could be termed primitive medicine and later evolved into traditional medicine based on ingredients sourced from forests and fields, often associated with libations and magical-religious rituals. Thus, this study explores the intersection between wine, magic, religion, and healing practices in ancient Rome, where the figure of the goddess Meditrina symbolizes this connection, representing healing, longevity, and wine itself. The work of Cato also provides insights into traditional Roman medicine while reflecting resistance to Greek influence and an appeal to preserve traditional Roman values. Therefore, wine is highlighted as a sacred and fundamental therapeutic substance in disease prevention and treatment, establishing a link between the practice of medicine and agriculture.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Wine
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Healing practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Magical-religious rituals
  topic: keywords
subject: Meditrina
  topic: keywords
subject: Cato
  topic: keywords
creator: Marina Regis Cavicchioli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Marina Regis Cavicchioli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 100
ending page: 117
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-7

Healing and medical practice in Ancient Egypt, or
type: item
description: This paper considers what time periods appear in Ancient Egyptian medical texts and why these specifi c time periods are mentioned, an issue that has been sparingly addressed in the literature to date. The study supplies a quantitative analysis of time periods in their textual context and considers what the ‘four-day’ time period could potentially be referring to, given current medical knowledge on the topic of healing. It considers a range of theories about the time periods with reference to two case studies, on time periods in the medical Papyrus Hearst and on time periods other than four days across the pharaonic medical corpus. It considers the mythical context of the number four and concludes with an overview of whether changes in medical and religious traditions after the pharaonic period led to the use of new numbers in healing texts.
subject: Open subject
  topic: section
subject: Ancient Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical texts
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Periods of time
  topic: keywords
subject: Numbers
  topic: keywords
subject: Myth
  topic: keywords
creator: Camilla Di Biase-Dyson
creator: Michael Schultz
creator: Nina Wagenknecht
creator: Victor Sancassani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Camilla Di Biase-Dyson, Michael Schultz, Nina Wagenknecht; Victor Sancassani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 183
ending page: 208
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-10

Sex and fertility
type: item
description: This article explores bodily care in the Hippocratic Collection, especially the ones related to maintaining fertility among married people. Bodily care encompassed different dietary prescriptions so that food was part of a larger framework, in which both body procedures and diet were considered part of the Hippocratic treatment. Among the medical recommendations, one interests us particularly: wine’s internal uses as a remedy and food for the sick. From the intersection of the treatises On Ancient Medicine, Affections, Nature of Man and Sterility, alongside Aristophanes’ testimony, I analyze the Hippocratic dietary concept to grasp the connection between wine, sex, and fertility in Greek medicine of the classical period.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: History of Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Hippocrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexuality
  topic: keywords
creator: Bárbara Alexandre Aniceto
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Bárbara Alexandre Aniceto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 48
ending page: 63
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.1-4

Transportation, sale and consumption of food in Antioquia (IV-V century)
type: item
description: In this article, we intend to shed light on the transport, sell and consumption of food kinds in Antioch, the metropolis of the Syrian-Coele province, in the fourth and fifth centuries, through the examination of the speeches by Libanius, one of the most important ancient orators who was born in the city. Moreover, we also examine the so-called Mosaic of Megalopsychia, a polychromatic opus tessellatum found in Yakto, a district of Antioch, by the archaeologists who took part in the excavations campaigns of the town and its vicinity between 1932 and 1939.
subject: Dossiê: Medicina e Alimentação na Antiguidade
  topic: section
subject: Late Antiquity
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioch
  topic: keywords
creator: Gilvan Ventura da Silva
creator: Érica Cristhyane Morais da Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gilvan Ventura da Silva, Érica Cristhyane Morais da Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-01
publication date: 2024-09-01
starting page: 153
ending page: 181
doi: 10.29327/2345891.24.24-1