“A ciência do sentir e do sofrer”
psicologia moral, experiência e injustiça em Rousseau e Shklar
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.47456/sofia.v15i1.49531Mots-clés :
Judith Shklar, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, psicologia moral, senso de injustiça, liberalismo agonísticoRésumé
Este artigo explora a influência de Jean-Jacques Rousseau na teoria política de Judith Shklar. Argumento que Shklar herda de Rousseau não apenas elementos de uma psicologia moral, mas, sobretudo, uma sensibilidade psicológica voltada às experiências negativas do indivíduo ordinário. Parto da leitura de Men and citizens (1969), em que Shklar interpreta Rousseau como reformulador da psicologia introspectiva lockeana, atribuindo–lhe uma dimensão moral e política. Em seguida, examino, a partir da obra rousseauniana, as descrições do sentimento de injustiça como experiência ao mesmo tempo possibilitada por disposições naturais e mediada pelas relações sociais, que serve de fundamento psíquico para uma crítica normativa da realidade política. Por fim, investigo como, em The faces of injustice (1990), Shklar retoma essa herança para elaborar uma defesa agonística da democracia liberal, nascida da articulação de experiências situadas de medo, injustiça e sofrimento.
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