Nietzsche como filósofo do cultivo seletivo racializado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/en.v15i2.47389Keywords:
Nietzsche, Raça, Escravidão racializada, Cultivo seletivo, Eugenia, Seleção artificialAbstract
The Nazis offered a distorted reading of Nietzsche by assimilating his racial ideas to their own, but the dominant reading of Nietzsche today is equally false in so far as it minimizes the racial aspect of his philosophy. The tendency of his apologists has been to focus on his anti-antisemitism, but the main problems arise from his endorsement of both racialized slavery and especially racialized breeding or eugenics. Nietzsche’s ideas of race were not especially original, contrary to some commentators; they were very much rooted in and informed by the racial theorists of his time, at least one of whom, Otto Ammon, praised him for recognizing the significance of race for culture. When Nietzsche advocated the breeding of a stronger race, he did not have in mind a program that stopped with cultivation or education; he was advocating artificial selection.
Downloads
References
AMMON, O. Die Gesellschaftsordnung und ihre natürlichen Grundlagen. Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer, 1895.
ASCHHEIM, S. The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany 1890–1990. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
BAMFORD, R. “The Liberatory Limits of Nietzsche’s Colonial Imagination in Dawn.” In: Nietzsche as Political Philosopher, edited by M. Knoll and B. Stocker, 59–76. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014.
BATAILLE, G. On Nietzsche. New York: Paragon, 1992.
BERNASCONI, R. “The Philosophy of Race in the Nineteenth Century.” In: The Routledge Companion to Nineteenth Century Philosophy, edited by Dean Moyar, 498–521. London: Routledge, 2010.
BRENNAN, T. “Borrowed Light: Nietzsche and the Colonies.” In: German Colonialism, 3–28. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.
BUSCH, M. Graf Bismark und seine Leute. 2 vols. Leipzig: Grunow, 1878.
CANCIK, H. “Mongols, Semites, and the Pure-Bred Greeks.” In: Nietzsche and Jewish Culture, edited by J. Golomb, 55–75. London: Routledge, 1997.
CHAMBERLAIN, H. S. Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrunderts. Munich: F. Bruckmann, 1899.
CONWAY, D. “‘The Great Play and Fight of Forces’: Nietzsche on Race.” In: Philosophers on Race, edited by J. Ward and T. Lott, 167–194. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
FRITSCH, T. Antisemiten-Katechismus. Eine Zusammenstellung des wichtigsten Materials zum Verständniss der Judenfrage, siebzehnte vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig: Theodor Fritsch, 1892.
GALINDO, M. Z. Triumph des Willens zur Macht. Hamburg: Argument, 1995.
GALTON, F. “Hereditary Talent and Character.” Macmillan’s Magazine 12: 157–166, 318–327, 1865.
GALTON, F. Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development. London: Macmillan, 1883.
GAVIN, R. J., and J. A. BETLEY. The Scramble for Africa. Documents on the Berlin West African Conference and Related Subjects, 1884/1885. Nigeria: Ibadan University, 1973.
GAYON, J. “Nietzsche and Darwin.” In: Biology and the Foundation of Ethics, edited by Jane Maienschein and Michael Ruse, 154–197. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
GOBINEAU, Joseph-Arthur Comte de. “Essai sur l’inégalité des races humaines.” In: Oeuvres, Vol. 1, 133–1166. Paris: Gallimard, 1983.
GOODING-WILLIAMS, R. “Supposing Nietzsche to be Black—What Then?” In: Look, A Negro!, 129–137. New York: Routledge, 2006.
HAASE, M-L. “Friedrich Nietzsche liest Francis Galton.” Nietzsche-Studien 18: 633-658, 1989.
HAECKEL, E. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1870.
HOLLAND, H. W. “Heredity.” The Atlantic Monthly 447–453, 1883.
HOLUB, R. “Nietzsche’s Colonialist Imagination.” In: The Imperialist Imagination, edited by S. Friedrichsmeyer, S. Lennox, and S. Zantorp, 33–49. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.
JOHNSON, D. Nietzsche’s Anti-Darwinism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kaufmann, W. (1950). Nietzsche. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
KOFMAN, S. “Contempt of/for the Jews.” Translated by T. Strong. New Nietzsche Studies 7 (3–4): 7–39, 2007–2008.
KRUMMEL, R. F. “Josef Paneth über seine Begegnung mit Nietzsche in der Zarathustra- Zeit.” Nietzsche Studien 17: 478–495, 1988.
LAMARCK, J-B. Zoological Philosophy. Translated by H. Elliot. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
LOSURDO, D. Nietzsche der aristokratische Rebell. Hamburg: Argument, 2012.
MANIAS, C. “The Race prussienne Controversy. Scientific Internationalism and the Nation.” Isis 100: 733–757, 2009.
MISSSAC, P. “Nietzsche et le Racisme.” La Grande Revue 37 (3): 31–39, 1933.
MIYASAKI, D. “Nietzsche’s Naturalist Morality of Breeding.” In: Nietzsche and the Becoming of Life, edited by V. Lemm, 194–213. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015.
MOORE, G. Nietzsche, Biology and Metaphor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MOREL, E. (1903). The Congo Slave State. Liverpool: John Richardson, 2002.
NIETZSCHE, F. Sämtliche Werke. Kritische Studienausgabe. 15 vols. Edited by G. Colli and M. Montinari. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980.
NIETZSCHE, F. Human, All Too Human I. Translated by G. Handwerk. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995.
NIETZSCHE, F. The Gay Science. Translated by J. Nauckhoff. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
NIETZSCHE, F. Writings from the Late Notebooks. Translated by K. Sturge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
NIETZSCHE, F. The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, the Twilight of the Idols: and Other Writings. Translated by Aaron Ridley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
NIETZSCHE, F. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Translated by Adrian del Caro. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
NIETZSCHE, F. Political Writings of Friedrich Nietzsche. Edited by F. Cameron and D. Dombosky. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
NIETZSCHE, F. Dawn. Thoughts on the Presumption of Morality. Translated by Brittain Smith. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011.
NIETZSCHE, F. Beyond Good and Evil/ On the Genealogy of Morality. Translated by A. Del Caro. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014.
PRESTON, W. “Nietzsche on Blacks.” In: Existence in Black, edited by L. Gordon, 165–172. London: Routledge, 1997.
RICHTER, C. Nietzsche et les theories biologiques contemporaines. Paris: Mercure de France, 1911.
RÖTTSCHER, A. Die Aufhebung der Sklaverei durch das Christentum im ost- und weströmischen Reiche. Frankfürter zeitgem. Broschüren, N. F. VIII, 10, 1887.
SCHANK. G. “Rasse” und Züchtung” bei Nietzsche. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000.
SCHANK, G. “Nietzsche’s ‘Blond Beast.’ On the Recuperation of a Nietzschean Metaphor.” In: A Nietzschean Bestiary, edited by C. and R. Acampara, 140–155. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2004.
SCOTT, J. “On the Use and Abuse of Race in Philosophy.” In: Race and Racism in Continental Philosophy, edited by R. Bernasconi, 53–73. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
STIEGLER, B. Nietzsche et la biologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2001.
STONE, D. Breeding Superman. Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 2002.
UNESCO. Four Statements on Race. Paris: UNESCO, 1971.
VAN TONGEREN, P. J. M. “Nietzsche’s Naturalism.” In: Nietzsche and the German Tradition, edited by Nicholas Martin, 207–214. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 2003.
VIRCHOW, R. Sämtliche Werke, 45, III. Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte. Hildesheim, Germany: Georg Olms, 2009.
WINCHESTER, J. “Nietzsche’s Racial Profiling.” In: Race and Racism in Modern Philosophy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005.
YOVEL, Y. Dark Riddle: Hegel, Nietzsche and the Jews. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.
ZIMMERMAN, A. Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
ZUMBINI, M. Die Wurzeln des Bösen. Frankfurt: Klostermann, 2003.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Robert Bernasconi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Ao submeter o artigo, resenha ou tradução para a Estudos Nietzsche, o autor cede à revista o direito à primeira publicação do texto, mantendo, contudo, o direito de reutilizar o material publicado, por exemplo, em futuras coletâneas de sua obra.
