Proteínas alternativas na dieta humana: análises Meta-Analíticas no período de 2014 a 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v11i4.48568Palavras-chave:
sustentabilidade alimentar, Eficiência nutricional, Economia circular, Inovações agroindustriais, Barreiras culturaisResumo
Este trabalho detalha a evolução do uso de proteínas alternativas em dietas humanas, com base meta-analítica do período de 2014 a 2024, destacando avanços tecnológicos, desafios culturais e impactos ambientais. Os vegetais lideram em acessibilidade, refletindo familiaridade cultural, acessibilidade e sustentabilidade. Microalgas e fungos também avançaram, com benefícios nutricionais saudáveis, apesar dos custos mais elevados. Insetos vêm ganhando espaço, especialmente na Ásia e África, mas enfrentam resistência no Ocidente. Os resíduos agroindustriais emergem como opção sustentável, destacando-se pela economia circular. Globalmente, as microalgas lideram em benefícios nutricionais, enquanto vegetais e produtos do mar se destacam em saúde e acessibilidade. Os impactos ambientais variam: vegetais e insetos têm níveis baixos de emissões, enquanto microalgas e produtos do mar enfrentam desafios devido aos elevados custos. A eficiência nutricional é maior em vegetais e microalgas, enquanto insetos e resíduos agroindustriais mostram potencial em nichos específicos. O mercado de proteínas alternativas cresce, impulsionado pelo aumento de empresas e patentes, especialmente na Ásia e na Europa. Apesar das disparidades regionais, as tendências refletem uma transição para dietas mais sustentáveis e alternativas. Para consolidar essas fontes, são essenciais políticas públicas, inovações tecnológicas e estratégias de educação alimentar. Assim, as proteínas alternativas podem tornar-se cada vez mais viáveis quanto à superação dos desafios de segurança alimentar e sustentabilidade global.
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