New therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common hereditary heart diseases, affecting approximately 1 in 500 people of all ages. In severe cases, patients may be at risk of cardiac arrhythmias and progress to sudden death. Objectives: To evaluate which studies have been published in the last 5 years on new treatments available for patients diagnosed with Hypertrophic Cardiomyop­athy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out on PubMed, searching for clinical trials published in the last 5 years using the descriptors: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic and Cardio­myopathies. Results: New medications have emerged to improve important biomarkers, relieve symp­toms and improve quality of life, attenuate the progression of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, in addition to improving exercise capacity. New intervention procedures aim to reduce thickened heart muscle, relieve blood flow obstruction and improve symptoms. Furthermore, devices are increasing­ly incorporated into clinical practice with the aim of reversing arrhythmias. Conclusion: The drugs demonstrated positive hemodynamic impacts, reduction of gradients and modulation of biomarkers and the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Innovative procedures have shown encouraging results in reducing gradients and relieving symptoms. Despite advances, more clinical studies are needed to validate and consolidate these findings, in addition to evaluating long-term safety and efficacy. The field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is constantly evolving, and recent research represents significant progress in the search for more effective and personalized therapies.