Alternative proteins in the human diet: Meta-Analytical analyses from 2014 to 2024

Authors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v11i4.48568
Keywords:
Cultural barriers, Food sustainability, Nutritional efficiency, Circular economy, Agro-industrial innovations
Abstract

This work details the evolution of the use of alternative proteins in human diets, based on a meta-analytical review from 2014 to 2024, highlighting technological advances, cultural challenges, and environmental impacts. Plant-based proteins lead in accessibility, reflecting cultural familiarity, affordability, and sustainability. Microalgae and fungi have also progressed, offering healthy nutritional benefits despite higher costs. Insects have been gaining ground, especially in Asia and Africa, but face resistance in the West. Agro-industrial residues are emerging as a sustainable option, standing out in the context of the circular economy. Globally, microalgae lead in nutritional benefits, while plants and seafood stand out for health and accessibility. Environmental impacts vary plants and insects have low emission levels, while microalgae and seafood face challenges due to high production costs. Nutritional efficiency is highest in plants and microalgae, while insects and agro-industrial residues show potential in specific niches. The alternative protein market is growing, driven by an increase in companies and patents, particularly in Asia and Europe. Despite regional disparities, the trends reflect a shift toward more sustainable and alternative diets. To consolidate these sources, public policies, technological innovations, and food education strategies are essential. Thus, alternative proteins can increasingly become viable in addressing global food security and sustainability challenges.

Author Biographies
  1. Paloma Danielle Brito Siqueira , Federal University of Minas Gerais

    Graduated in Food Engineering from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). During her undergraduate studies, she worked as a volunteer research fellow, developing research on the "Development and Evaluation of a Prototype of a Solar Dehydrator for Food". She has a solid academic background in food engineering and is interested in applying her knowledge in different professional contexts and continuing her technical and academic development.

  2. Demerson Arruda Sanglard, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    Holds a Bachelor's degree in Agronomic Engineering (2005), a Master's degree (2006), and a Doctorate (2010) in Genetics and Plant Breeding from the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). Since 2013, he has been a Professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), based at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA) - Montes Claros Campus, where he works in the Postgraduate Programs in "Plant Production," "Animal Production," and "Forest Sciences." He received an administrative appointment as Coordinator of the Biotechnology Laboratory (ICA/UFMG). He has also had several academic projects approved with funding (Teaching, Research, and Extension).

  3. Sidney Pereira, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    Graduated in Agricultural Engineering from the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV-MG) in 1999. Master's degree in Agricultural Engineering, Energy area (UFV, 2001). PhD in Agronomy, Soil and Water area, from the Federal University of Goiás (UFG-GO) in 2010. Works as an Associate Professor at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros Campus (ICA/UFMG). At this institution, he teaches the following subjects: Soil Mechanics, Electrotechnics and Electrical Installations, Introduction to Electronics and Embedded Systems, Automation and Control applied to Agricultural Sciences, and MS Excel, in addition to developing various research and extension projects.

  4. Maria Fernanda Lousada Antunes, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    Adjunct Professor at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Coordinator of the Extension Center of ICA UFMG. Researcher in FEM Numerical Simulation, Acoustic Emission, Data Science and Science Education. Producer of Engineering Education content. Writer. PhD in Mechanical Engineering from PUC-MG. Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Federal University of São João del Rei, MBA in Strategic Business Management from the Newton Paiva University Center and Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Federal University of Viçosa.

  5. Leonardo Máximo Silva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)

    Holds a degree in Agronomic Engineering (2019) from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Master's degree in Forest Sciences from the same institution (2022). Currently a doctoral candidate in Plant Production at UFMG, with an emphasis on "Carbon balance in integrated crop-livestock production systems". During his undergraduate studies, he was a recipient of a scientific initiation scholarship (PIBIC) from 2018 to 2019. During his undergraduate studies, he worked on projects with safflower, beans, and forage palm. He was part of the student group that conducted the experimental area of ​​BIOFABRICA at ICA-UFMG, focusing on the improvement, management, and control of diseases and pests in forage palm cultivation. During his master's studies, he worked on experiments with in vitro cultivation of native forest species. He worked as a temporary researcher at UFMG on projects to recover degraded areas in 2022 and 2023. He is currently the vice-coordinator of the study group in Science and Technology in Forestry (SILVITECH-UFMG) and a member of the study group on integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems (GESILPF-UFMG).

  6. Ariane da Silva Nogueira, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    Holds a degree in Forestry Engineering (2022) and a Master's degree in Plant Production (2024) from the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Has experience in the field of Forestry Engineering, with an emphasis on Silviculture, mainly working on the following topics: propagation of native species, seed pathology, and seed technology.

  7. Ana Carolina Ataíde Silveira, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    She holds a Bachelor's degree in Biomedicine from Faculdade Unidas do Norte de Minas - FUNORTE (2016) and a Specialization in Higher Education Teaching: The university in the current context, from FAVENORTE. She also obtained her Academic Master's degree in Food and Health from the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

  8. Brenda Franciny Torres, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    Holds a Bachelor's degree in Forestry Engineering from the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (2024). Currently pursuing a Master's degree in Forest Sciences at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Has experience in marker-assisted selection and forest breeding.

  9. Flávia Echila Ribeiro Batista, Federal University of Minas Gerais

    PhD candidate in Biotechnology at the State University of Montes Claros, holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Northern Minas Gerais (2017) and a Master's degree in Biotechnology from the State University of Montes Claros (2020). Currently works as a Laboratory Technician at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Has experience in the field of Chemical Engineering, with emphasis on Biotechnological Industrial Processes, Molecular Biology and Plant Tissue Culture.

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2025-11-25
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Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): Regular Issue (October - December) *Continuous Publication of Articles
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Siqueira , P. D. B., Sanglard, D. A., Pereira, S., Antunes, M. F. L., Silva, L. M., Nogueira, A. da S., Silveira, A. C. A., Torres, B. F., & Batista, F. E. R. (2025). Alternative proteins in the human diet: Meta-Analytical analyses from 2014 to 2024. Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering, 11(4), 247-263. https://doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v11i4.48568