Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma, a rare benign bone tumor in a child: case report

Abstract

Introduction: Giant Cell Reconstructive Granuloma (GCRG) is a rare and benign intraosseous tumor. It is unilateral and affects the mandible in the vast majority of cases, with variable clinical presentation resulting from tumor expansion. It has a good prognosis and there are no reports of metastatic lesions. Case report: A case study of a 6-year-old male, without comorbidities, with a rapidly growing bilateral tumor in the mandible (SIC). Hardened, painless lesion, without phlogistic signs, with bulging of the cheek mucosa and protuberances on the gingiva. He denied fever, weight loss, other symptoms or local trauma. Laboratory tests, serology, CT scans of the cervical, chest, abdomen and pelvis without alterations. Face tomography: expansive lesion remodeling the mandible with areas of continuity solution in the cortical bone, suggestive of fibrous dysplasia. Biopsy was performed showing GRCG. The GCRG corresponds to 7% of mandibular and maxillary tumors, of not yet fully defined etiology, usually observed after trauma and local inflammation, described as a reparative process resulting from possible intraosseous hemorrhage. More frequent in children and young adults, the clinic comes from intraosseous tumor expansion: compressive effects, facial asymmetry and dental deformities. Differential diagnoses include: giant cell tumor (GCT), aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia and the brown tumor. Its main differential diagnosis is GCT, a malignant tumor. Conclusion: Imaging exams help in the initial approach and the definitive diagnosis is through anatomic/histological study. The treatment of choice is surgical with low recurrence, usually attributed to incomplete resection.