Vitamin D: toxicity and importance of monitoring in supplementation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47456/rbps.v25i1.39521

Keywords:

Vitamin D, Intoxication, Toxicity

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D intoxication has become frequent due to the increased use of this com­pound indiscriminately and, in many cases, without the follow-up of a specialist. Objectives: Discuss the inadequate supplementation of vitamin D, the participation of a doctor and a pharmacist and, approaching the causes and consequences of hypervitaminosis. Methods: This is a narrative review of scientific publications selected from index databases and according to the scope of the study. Results: Vitamin D has numerous benef‍its and functions in the body. Due to this, a growing interest of the population in supplementation is visible, which has caused an increase in indiscriminate con­sumption that can lead to intoxication. According to the American Institute of Medicine, toxicity is usually caused by doses above 10,000 IU/day that result in serum concentrations greater than 150 ng/ mL. As reported by different authors, the consequences of vitamin D intoxication are the develop­ment of gastrointestinal and neurological problems, and hypercalcemia, which mainly affects renal function. Conclusion: Vitamin supplementation based only on reading studies emphasizing its bene­fits is not ideal, requiring individualized and targeted medical follow-up for each patient. In addition, optimal communication between the health professional and the patient is essential so that he has a clear understanding of the prescription and avoids the inappropriate use of vitamin supplementation.

Downloads

References

Galvão LO, Galvão MF, Reis CM, Batista CM de Á, Casulari LA. Considerações atuais sobre a vitamina D. Brasília Med. 2013; 50(4):324-332.

Castro LC de. O sistema endocrinológico vitamina D. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 55(8):566-575.

Marins TA, Galvão T de FG, Korkes F, Malerbi DAC, Ganc AJ, Korn D, Wagner J, Guerra JC, Borges Filho WM, Ferracini FT, Korkes H. Intoxicação por vitamina D: relato de caso. Einstein. 2014; 12(2):242-244.

Lim K, Thadhani R. Toxicidade da Vitamina D. J Bras Nefrol. 2020; 42(2):238-244.

Quemel GK, Sozinho MT, Costa JAP da, Marinho CL, Quemel GK, Moreira DR, Santos GC de Q. O papel da vitamina D na imunidade e na infecção por coronavírus: Uma revisão da litera¬tura. Res Soc Dev. 2021; 10(7):1-15.

Guerra V, Vieira Neto OM, Laurindo AF, Paula FJ de, Moysés Neto M. Hipercalcemia e prejuízo de função renal associados à intoxicação por vitamina D: relato de caso. J Bras Nefrol. 2016; 38(4):466-469.

Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, Bhattoa HP. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementa¬tion Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1-19.

Conselho Federal de Farmácia. Acesso a vacinas pode ter influen¬ciado baixa nas vendas do Kit COVID [Internet]. Brasília, DF: Conselho Federal de Farmácia; 2021 [acesso em 18 jun. 2023]. Disponível em: https://www.cff.org.br/noticia.php?id=6431

Borges EC, Ruiz AC, Pereira ÉR, Crispim LF, Araújo WA. A auto¬medicação no Brasil e a importância do farmacêutico na orienta¬ção do uso racional de medicamentos de venda livre. Braz J Dev. 2023; 9(1):4036-4050.

Amorim S da S, Lima PJAT, Barroso IR, Ventura M de M. Intoxi¬cação por vitamina D em paciente idosa: relato de caso. Geriatr Gerontol Aging. 2019; 13(3):173-176.

Francez F, Junior GP de S, Cassemiro I de C, Dick JM, Guima¬rães LV, Franco MA, Quinones EM, Coimbra CN, Maccagnan P, Diniz REAS. Suplementação de vitamina D: uma revisão biblio¬gráfica. Revista Higei@ - Rev Cient de Saúde. 2021;2(5).

Miranda CC da S, Brito AO, Paiva EC de, Alves MH, Silva MS da, Luz VS, Silva WB da, Almeida AMS, Sousa E de S, Lima RP de, Pereira KV dos SA, Carvalho A de, Souza TCC de, Batista JV, Santos PCT dos, Pires AS, Justino MRV. Intoxicação por Vita¬mina D: uma revisão sistemática de relatos de caso. Revista de Casos e Consultoria. 2021; 12(1):1-11.

Oliveira DK, Orso B, Oshiro JY, Kreuz RL, Lehmann KR. Riscos da suplementação com doses excessivas de vitamina D. Medi¬cina. 2021;54(3):1-6.

Vieira LT, Batista MQ, Silva EM da, Gonsaga RA. Intoxicação de vitamina D por erro de administração: relato de caso. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2018;21(1):98-104.

Pereira JF, Quintino PM, Foresto RD, Pestana JM. Riscos asso¬ciados ao uso indiscriminado de vitamina D. An Acad Nac Med. 2021;192(2):203-210.

Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(5):842-856.

Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB. Institute of Med¬icine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.

Spiller H, Good T, Spiller N, Aleguas A. Vitamin D exposures reported to US poison centers 2000–2014. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2015;35(5):457-461.

Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SBEM) [Internet]. Vitamina D: Novos Valores de Referência. Brasília, DF: SBEM; 2017 [acesso em 18 jun. 2023]. Disponível em: https://www. endocrino.org.br/vitamina-d-novos-valores-de-referencia/

Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clin¬ton SK, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Gallagher JC, Gallo RL, Jones G, Kovacs CS, Mayne ST, Rosen CJ, Shapses SA. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(1):53-58.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-14

How to Cite

1.
Cristina Rosas I, de Mello Chaves MJ, Oliveira Conti R, Carolino Sales Silva AR. Vitamin D: toxicity and importance of monitoring in supplementation. RBPS [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 14 [cited 2025 May 19];25(1):90-9. Available from: https://periodicos.ufes.br/rbps/article/view/39521

Issue

Vol. 25 No. 1 (2023)

Section

Artigos de Revisão

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Brazilian Journal of Health Research

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors and reviewers must disclose any financial, professional, or personal conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretations of the work. This information will be treated confidentially and disclosed only as necessary to ensure transparency and impartiality in the publication process.

Copyright

RBPS adheres to the CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, meaning authors retain copyright of their work submitted to the journal.

  • Originality Declaration: Authors must declare that their submission is original, has not been previously published, and is not under review elsewhere.
  • Publication Rights: Upon submission, authors grant RBPS the exclusive right of first publication, subject to peer review.
  • Additional Agreements: Authors may enter into non-exclusive agreements for the distribution of the RBPS-published version (e.g., in institutional repositories or as book chapters), provided the original authorship and publication by RBPS are acknowledged.

Authors are encouraged to share their work online (e.g., institutional repositories or personal websites) after initial publication in RBPS, with appropriate citation of authorship and original publication.

Under the CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, readers have the rights to:

  • Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
  • Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material.

These rights cannot be revoked, provided the following terms are met:

  • Attribution: Proper credit must be given, a link to the license provided, and any changes clearly indicated.
  • Non-Commercial: The material cannot be used for commercial purposes.
  • No Additional Restrictions: No legal or technological measures may be applied to restrict others from doing anything the license permits.