Sob a influência do Sol: como o clima espacial afeta nosso planeta
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.47456/Cad.Astro.v5n2.45935Mots-clés :
Sol, Atmosfera solar, Atividade Solar, Clima Espacial, Tempestades GeomagnéticasRésumé
Nossa estrela, o Sol, apresenta atividade magnética na forma de manchas escuras em sua superfície, além de produzir explosões e ejeções de massa de sua atmosfera. Este artigo explora a dinâmica do Sol e seus efeitos no Sistema Solar, particularmente na Terra. A atmosfera solar, que inclui a fotosfera, cromosfera, região de transição e coroa, juntamente com o vento solar desempenham um papel crucial na compreensão da atividade solar. O campo magnético do Sol, fonte de energia de toda a atividade, é discutido em detalhe, incluindo as manchas solares e seu ciclo de 11 anos, além dos grandes mínimos como o Mínimo de Maunder e seu impacto no clima terrestre. As explosões solares e ejeções de massa coronais são o principal fator do clima espacial, afetando vários aspectos do ambiente do nosso planeta. Partículas energéticas de explosões e ejeções de massa interagem com a magnetosfera da Terra, causando tempestades geomagnéticas que podem impactar significativamente os sistemas tecnológicos. Estas tempestades podem causar falhas em satélites, interrupções em sistemas de comunicação, apagões e auroras, além de afetar a ionosfera. Compreender os fenômenos da atividade solar é essencial para melhorar as previsões do clima espacial e mitigar os impactos dos eventos solares sobre a tecnologia e infraestrutura modernas.
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© Adriana Valio 2024
Ce travail est disponible sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
