Assainissement de base et système de castes en Inde. Un hommage à B.R Ambedkar
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.47456/geo.v2i35.39235Mots-clés :
Inde, caste, assainissementRésumé
C'est un fait particulier de la société indienne de nettoyer manuellement les latrines et les fosses septiques. Ses praticiens, connus sous le nom de manual scavengers, appartiennent pour la plupart à la caste la plus vulnérable de la société, les Dalits. L'article cherche à relier la pertinence de l'héritage des luttes anti-castes encouragées par B.R Ambedkar, reliant le système des castes aux pratiques d'assainissement de base dans le pays. Ambedkar a eu un débat houleux avec Gandhi sur le sujet, et tous deux ont présenté différentes solutions à la question. Dans les années 2000, la lutte contre les pratiques de défécation à l'air libre est devenue un élément central des programmes sociaux du pays. En 2014, le gouvernement fédéral a lancé la Clean India Mission, un programme social visant à généraliser l'accès aux toilettes dans le pays. Dans ce contexte, l'article passera à une analyse des relations entre le système des castes et les pratiques sanitaires actuelles.
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