Assainissement de base et système de castes en Inde. Un hommage à B.R Ambedkar

Auteurs

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.47456/geo.v2i35.39235

Mots-clés :

Inde, caste, assainissement

Résumé

C'est un fait particulier de la société indienne de nettoyer manuellement les latrines et les fosses septiques. Ses praticiens, connus sous le nom de manual scavengers, appartiennent pour la plupart à la caste la plus vulnérable de la société, les Dalits. L'article cherche à relier la pertinence de l'héritage des luttes anti-castes encouragées par B.R Ambedkar, reliant le système des castes aux pratiques d'assainissement de base dans le pays. Ambedkar a eu un débat houleux avec Gandhi sur le sujet, et tous deux ont présenté différentes solutions à la question. Dans les années 2000, la lutte contre les pratiques de défécation à l'air libre est devenue un élément central des programmes sociaux du pays. En 2014, le gouvernement fédéral a lancé la Clean India Mission, un programme social visant à généraliser l'accès aux toilettes dans le pays. Dans ce contexte, l'article passera à une analyse des relations entre le système des castes et les pratiques sanitaires actuelles.

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Biographie de l'auteur

Mariana Faiad Batista Alves, Universidade Federal de São Carlos

Antropóloga, formada pelo pelo Goldsmiths College, Universidade de Londres, com mestrado e doutorado em Sociologia pela Unicamp. Suas pesquisas tiveram como campo o sul da Ásia de forma geral, e a Índia em particular: no mestrado, pesquisou a relação entre o sistema de castas e a indústria de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação na Índia, e no doutorado pesquisou atos de violência coletiva entre comunidades religiosas e de castas, também na Índia. Em pesquisa de pós-doutoramento, no CCHB da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus Sorocaba, pesquisa participação social, gestão hídrica e a questão sanitária na Índia, com foco nas bacias dos rios Ganges e Indus. Foi pesquisadora visitante no Institute for Social and Ecomonic Change (ISEC), na cidade de Bangalore, Índia, e no Center for Postcolonial Studies da Universidade de Londres. É sócia-fundadora da BrIndARC- Brasil Índia Associação de Redes de Conhecimento, onde atualmete é vice-presidente. É professora Visitante do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Condição Humana, na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus Sorocaba.

Références

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Publiée

01-12-2022

Comment citer

MARIANA FAIAD BATISTA ALVES. Assainissement de base et système de castes en Inde. Un hommage à B.R Ambedkar. Geografares, Vitória, Brasil, v. 2, n. 35, p. 31–60, 2022. DOI: 10.47456/geo.v2i35.39235. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufes.br/geografares/article/view/39235. Acesso em: 4 juill. 2024.

Numéro

Rubrique

Dossier Territoires urbains et stratégies du néolibéralisme