The process of turning a “green” renewable energy into “non-green” for the local people: an observation-based study from Southern Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2020.v7.n1.p1-10Palabras clave:
emotional attachment, green technology, hydroelectricity, local knowledge, trust.Resumen
This paper describes an observation-driven research journey to explore the process of how a so-called “green” renewable energy technology could turn into “non-green” for the local communities. The study is conducted in Southern Chile that has been receiving a number of hydroelectricity-based renewable energy projects in recent years and most of those projects have been receiving strong social resistance from the local communities. Qualitative methods are availed in the study to explore local realities about the community people’s attitude and action-building towards these projects. The research results that a “green” project could be “economically green” to the local people who are concerned of their individual lives and livelihoods, however, “less green” to the group of community people emotionally attached to their lands and territory-based culture.
Descargas
Citas
Alvial-Palavicino, C, Garrido-Echeverría, N, Jiménez-Estévez, G, Reyes, L and Palma-Behnke, R (2011) ‘A methodology for community engagement in the introduction of renewable based smart microgrid’, Energy for Sustainable Development, v. 15, n.3, pp. 314-323.
Birks, M and Mills, J (2015) Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide, 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Blaikie, P, Brown, K, Stocking, M, Tang, L, Dixon, P and Sillitoe, P (1997) ‘Knowledge in Action: Local knowledge as a development resource and barriers to its incorporation in natural resource research and development’, Agricultural Systems, v. 55, n. 2, pp. 217-237.
Bout, C (2019) ‘Social Acceptance and the translation of energy targets to local renewable energy developments’, PhD Dissertation, Technical University of Denmark.
Boyle, KJ, Boatwright, J, Brahma, S and Xu, W (2019) ‘NIMBY, not, in siting community wind farms’, Resource and Energy Economics, v. 57, pp. 85-100.
Breukers, S. and Wolsink, M. (2007) ‘Wind power implementation in changing institutional landscapes: An international comparison’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n.5, pp. 2737-2750.
Chala, GT, Ma’Arof, MIN and Sharma, R (2019) ‘Trends in an increased dependence towards hydropower energy utilization— a short review’, Cogent Engineering, v. 6, n. 1.
Cousse, J, Wüstenhagen, R and Schneider, N (2019) ‘Emotional Antecedents to Social Acceptance of Wind Power’, 4th International Conference on Public Policy (ICPP4), University of Concordia, 26th-28th June.
Devine‐Wright, P (2005) ‘Beyond NIMBYism: towards an integrated framework for understanding public perceptions of wind energy’, Wind energy, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 125-139.
Fournis, Y. and Fortin, MJ (2017) ‘From social ‘acceptance’ to social ‘acceptability’ of wind energy projects: towards a territorial perspective’, Journal of Environmental Planning, v. 60, n. 1, pp. 1-21.
Gipe, P (1995) Wind Energy Comes of Age, 1st edn. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Glaser, BG and Strauss, AL (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Transaction.
Gross, C (2007) ‘Community perspectives of wind energy in Australia: The application of a justice and community fairness framework to increase social acceptance’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2727–2736.
Guba, EG and Lincoln, YS (1994) ‘Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research’, In Denzin, NK and Lincoln, YS (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 105-117. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hofman, E (2015). Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy. Available at: Climate Policy Info Hub website <http://climatepolicyinfohub.eu/social-acceptance-renewable-energy> (accessed 2 February 2020).
Huijts, NMA, Midden, CJH and Meijnders, AL (2007) ‘Social acceptance of carbon- dioxide storage. Energy Policy’, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2780-2789.
Jobert, A, Laborgne, P and Mimler, S (2007) ‘Local acceptance of wind energy: Factors of success identified in French and German case studies’, Energy Policy v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2751–2760.
Kumar, D and Katoch, SS (2014) ‘Sustainability indicators for run of the river (RoR) hydropower projects in hydro rich regions of India’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 35, pp. 101-108.
LAP (2020). NCRE (Non-conventional Renewable Energy): Types of NCRE. Available at: Latin America Power website <http://www.latampower.com/ncre-non-conventional-renewable-energy/?lang=en>, (accessed 2 February 2020).
Lind, E and Tyler, T (1988) The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. New York: Plenum Press.
Long, N (2001) Development Sociology: Actor Perspectives. London, England: Routledge.
Long, N (2002) ‘An Actor-oriented Approach to Development Intervention’ in Cruz, DA (ed) Rural Life Improvement in Asia, pp. 47-61.
Mallett, A (2007) ‘Social acceptance of renewable energy innovations: The role of technology cooperation in urban Mexico’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2790-2798.
Maruyama, Y, Nishikido, M and Iida, T (2007) ‘The rise of community wind power in Japan: Enhanced acceptance through social innovation’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2761–2769.
Mertens, DM (2014) Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mitchell, JC (2006) ‘Case and Situation Analysis’ in Evens TMS and Handelman, D (eds), The Manchester School: Practice and Ethnographic Praxis in Anthropology, pp. 23- 42. New York: Berghahn Books.
Nadaϊ, A (2007) ‘‘‘Planning’’, ‘‘siting’’ and the local acceptance of wind power: Some lessons from the French case’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2715–2726.
Noë, A (2004) Action in Perception. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Olesen, V. (2005) ‘Early Millennial Feminist Qualitative Research: Challenges and Contours’, in Denzin, NK and Lincoln, YS (eds), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd ed., pp. 235-278. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Oteman, M, Wiering, M and Helderman, J K (2014) ‘The institutional space of community initiatives for renewable energy: a comparative case study of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark’, Energy, Sustainability and Society, v. 4, n. 1.
Owens, S. (2004) ‘Siting, sustainable development and social priorities’, Risk Research, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 101–114.
Owusu, PA and Asumadu-Sarkodie, S (2016) ‘A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation’, Cogent Engineering, v. 3, n. 1.
Painuly, JP (2001) ‘Barriers to renewable energy penetration: A framework for analysis’, Renewable Energy, v. 24, n. 2001, pp. 73–89.
Reyes, R, Nelson H, Zerriffi, H (2018) ‘Firewood: Cause or consequence? Underlying drivers of firewood production in the South of Chile’, Energy for Sustainable Development, v. 42, pp. 97-108.
Rodwell, MK (1998) Social Work Constructivist Research. NY and London: Garland Publishing, Inc.
Rogers, E (2003) The Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed. New York: The Free Press.
Saldaña, J (2015) The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Schutt, RK (2011) Investigating the social world: The process and practice of research, 7th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Schweizer-Ries, P (2008) ‘Energy sustainable communities: Environmental psychological investigations’, Energy Policy, v. 36, n. 11, pp. 4126-4135.
Schweizer-Ries, P (2011) ‘Socio-environmental Research on Energy Sustainable Communities: Participation Experiences of Two Decades’ in Devine-Wright, P (ed), Renewable Energy and the Public: From NIMBY to Participation, pp. 187-202. London, UK: Earthscan.
Schwenkenbecher, A (2017) ‘What is Wrong with Nimbys? Renewable Energy, Landscape Impacts and Incommensurable Values’, Environmental Values, v. 26, n. 6, pp. 711-732.
Skitka, LJ, Winquist, J and Hutchinson, S (2012) ‘Are outcome fairness and outcome favorability distinguishable psychological constructs? A meta-analytic review’, Social Justice Research, v. 16, n. 4, pp. 309-341. 2003.
Sohr, R ‘Chile a Ciegas: La Triste Realidad de Nuestro Modelo Energetico’ (in English: Blind Chile: The Sad Reality of Our Energy Model) (1st ed). Santiago, Chile: Debate.
Sun, L, Yung, EHK, Chan, EHW and Zhu, D (2016) ‘Issues of NIMBY conflict management from the perspective of stakeholders: a case study in Shanghai’, Habitat International, v. 53, pp. 133-141.
Susskind, L, Kausel, T, Aylwin, J and Fierman, E (2014) ‘The Future of Hydropower in Chile’, Energy and Natural Resources Law, v. 32, n. 4, pp. 425- 482.
Tabi, A and Wüstenhagen, R (2017) ‘Keep it local and fish-friendly: social acceptance of hydropower projects in Switzerland’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 68, pp. 763-773.
Trovall, E (2017) ‘A Brief History of Chile’s Indigenous Mapuche People’. Available at: the Culture Trip blog <https://theculturetrip.com/south-america/chile/articles/a-brief-history-of-chiles-indigenous-mapuche-people/>
Van der Horst, D (2007) ‘Nimby or not? exploring the relevance of location and the politics of voiced opinions in renewable energy siting controversies’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2705–2714.
Viveros, F (2014) ‘Patagonia sin Represas. Retrieved from the ‘La Ira Popular’ website <http://lairapopular.blogspot.com/2014/06/patagonia-sin-represas.html>
Warren, CR and McFadyen, M (2010) ‘Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland’, Land Use Policy, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 204-213.
Weil, K, Fuquene, L, Blanco, G, Urbina, S and Bize, C (2017) ‘Characterization of the Museums Network of Los Ríos Region and selection of case studies’, EULAC Museums. Available at: <https://eulacmuseums.net/eulac_museums_docs/D3_2%20Characterization_of%20_the_Museums_Network.pdf>
Wolsink, M (2000) ‘Wind power and the NIMBY-myth: Institutional capacity and the limited significance of public support’, Renewable Energy, v. 21, n. 2000, pp. 49–64.
Wolsink, M (2007) ‘Planning of renewables schemes: Deliberative and fair decision-making on landscape issues instead of reproachful accusations of non-cooperation’, Energy Policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2692–2704.
Wolsink, M (2012) ‘Near-shore wind power—Protected seascapes, environmentalists’ attitudes, and the technocratic planning perspective’, Land Use Policy, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 195-203.
Wüstenhagen, R, Wolsink, M and Bürer, MJ (2007) ‘Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept’, Energy policy, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 2683-2691.
Yin, RK (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zhang, X, Xu, J and Ju, Y (2018) ‘Public participation in NIMBY risk mitigation: A discourse zoning approach in the Chinese context’, Land Use Policy, v. 77, pp. 559-575.
Zheng, G and Liu, W (2018) ‘Same projects, different endings—Comparative case studies on NIMBY facility construction in Beijing’, Cities, v. 73, pp. 63-70.
Zoellner, J, Schweizer-Ries, P and Wemheuer, C (2008) ‘Public acceptance of renewable energies: Results from case studies in Germany’, Energy Policy, v. 36, n. 11, pp. 4136-4141.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Latin American Journal of Energy Research
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
O autor, no ato da submissão do artigo, transfere o direito autoral ao periódico.
