Avanços e limitações da produção, armazenamento e transporte de hidrogênio verde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2023.v10.n2.p74-93Palavras-chave:
Hidrogênio verde, Hidrogênio renovável, Energia, Sustentabilidade, TecnologiaResumo
A busca por fontes limpas de energia e produção é um dos principais objetivos de países do mundo todo para a descarbonização da economia. Atualmente, diversas soluções estão sendo desenvolvidas para os problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos relacionados às emissões dos gases de efeito estufa. O hidrogênio verde apresenta-se como uma das tecnologias promissoras para atender as demandas energéticas e de processos produtivos de diversos setores da economia. O hidrogênio é o elemento químico mais abundante da superfície terrestre e encontra-se normalmente associado a compostos orgânicos como hidrocarbonetos, além disso se encontra formando as moléculas de água. Entretanto, para obtê-lo de maneira isolada é necessário extraí-lo de fontes como água, petróleo, gás natural, biogás, entre outras. O hidrogênio verde é aquele produzido a partir da eletrólise da água com energia oriunda de fontes renováveis. Ainda existem alguns desafios a serem superados para efetivamente atender as demandas das indústrias de produção de fertilizantes, petrolíferas, metalúrgicas e abastecimento de energia elétrica. Sendo assim, este trabalho aborda os avanços e as limitações para produção, armazenamento e transporte de hidrogênio verde, bem como, a produção científica através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Para a produção, o custo de energia renovável foi relevante, considerando apenas energia fotovoltaica/compra. O mapeamento de outras opções pode tornar a análise abrangente. A eletrólise da água está associada a maturidade da tecnologia e o custo dos eletrolisadores, compostos por metais de alto valor agregado. Assim, é necessário o desenvolvimento de novos materiais. Em relação ao armazenamento, a viabilidade tecno econômica da operação é onerosa. Tecnologias que possam superar estes desafios podem otimizar a cadeia de suprimentos. Diversos estudos consideraram o uso da malha de dutos existente para o transporte. Entretanto, como países estão sendo considerados potenciais pólos de exportação, esperava-se encontrar artigos que abordassem o transporte para longas distâncias.Downloads
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