Captura de carbono: avanços e desafios das tecnologias no contexto energético
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2024.v11.n2.p264-282Palavras-chave:
captura de carbono, descarbonização, combustão, mudanças climáticas, transição energéticaResumo
A captura de carbono surge como uma estratégia crucial para mitigar as mudanças climáticas, equilibrando o desenvolvimento econômico e a preservação ambiental. Com foco na redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), existem tecnologias voltadas à captura de dióxido de carbono (CO2) de fontes emissoras antes de sua liberação na atmosfera, possibilitando seu armazenamento em formações geológicas ou sua reutilização na produção de produtos de alto valor, como os combustíveis sintéticos. Aliada às políticas climáticas internacionais, como o Acordo de Paris, e ao mercado de carbono, a captura de carbono complementa fontes renováveis e promove a inovação tecnológica. Apesar dos desafios técnicos e econômicos, sua aplicação é essencial para uma transição energética sustentável, reforçando a descarbonização e contribuindo para o enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas. Este estudo apresenta uma análise abrangente das tecnologias de captura, utilização e armazenamento de carbono (CCUS, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage), abordando seu potencial, limitações e papel na transição para uma economia de baixo carbono.
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