Videolaparoscopic approach in the context of abdominal trauma: a literature review

Abstract

Introduction:
Abdominal trauma is defined as suffering resulting from a sudden and violent action, exerted against the abdomen by several causative agents: mechanical, chemical, electrical and irradiation. If not treated early on, it contributes to high rates of mortality and morbidity. In this sense, videolaparoscopy has increasingly contributed to the diagnosis and treatment of various abdominal surgical problems, introducing significant changes in modern surgery. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature about the videolaparoscopic approach in the context of abdominal trauma. Methods: This is a descriptive research of the integrative literature review type. The research was carried out using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases, the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) virtual library, and Google Scholar, during the months of November and December 2022. Results: The analysis of the articles suggests that the videolaparoscopic approach is a procedure that presents greater accuracy in the evaluation of penetrating injuries of the thoracoabdominal transition, especially in the detection of diaphragmatic injuries; decrease in postoperative morbidity and mortality; decrease in hospitalization time and can be used in patients who have suffered abdominal trauma and are hemodynamically stable and with indication for the procedure. Conclusion: Videolaparoscopy proves to be of great value in surgical use due to the reduction of risks, its effectiveness and support in the diagnosis, emphasizing the robustness and accuracy of the technique.