Análise de eficiência do desenvolvimento sustentável do brasil e dos países da OCDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v7i5.36133Palavras-chave:
Indicadores de sustentabilidade, DEA, Desenvolvimento sustentável, OCDE, BrasilResumo
O desenvolvimento de um país não está relacionado apenas ao seu crescimento econômico, uma vez que seu desenvolvimento sustentável deve considerar aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Este trabalho pretende medir e analisar a eficiência do Brasil e dos países da OCDE (Organização para o Desenvolvimento Econômico e de Cooperação) sob o ponto de vista do desenvolvimento sustentável, visto a atual ambição do Brasil em compor a OCDE. Esta análise utilizou um método de programação matemática denominado Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), que permitiu, a partir do modelo SBM e da análise de janelas, avaliar a capacidade dos países de reduzir os inputs (emissão de CO2, consumo de energia, taxa de desemprego e índice de Gini), bem como aumentar os outputs (expectativa de vida, PIB, energia sustentável, saneamento básico). A comparação entre os países foi feita a partir do ranking de eficiência sustentável e os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a Letônia e o Chile são os mais eficientes; e em quarto lugar está o Brasil. Além disso, foram analisadas as folgas relativas e concluiu-se que, embora o Brasil não seja benchmark em nenhuma variável, suas folgas são relativamente baixas. Ressalta-se que o índice medido é importante para contribuir nas discussões relacionadas à avaliação da sustentabilidade dos países, ajudando a identificar aqueles com as melhores práticas no que diz respeito a aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais; e orientar as decisões políticas relativas aos incentivos governamentais para promover o desenvolvimento dos países em busca de uma produção mais sustentável.
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