Análisis de eficiencia del desarrollo sostenible en Brasil y países de la OCDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v7i5.36133Palabras clave:
DEA, OCDE, Brasil, indicadores de sostenibilidad, Desenvolvimiento sustentableResumen
El desarrollo de un país no solo está relacionado con su crecimiento económico, ya que su desarrollo sostenible debe considerar aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales. Este trabajo pretende medir y analizar la eficiencia de Brasil y los países de la OCDE (Organización para el Desarrollo Económico y la Cooperación) desde el punto de vista del desarrollo sostenible, dada la ambición actual de Brasil de ser parte de la OCDE. Este análisis utilizó un método de programación matemática denominado Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), que permitió, utilizando el modelo SBM y el análisis de ventanas, evaluar la capacidad de los países para reducir los insumos (emisión de CO2, consumo de energía, tasa de desempleo e índice de Gini), así como el aumento de los productos (esperanza de vida, PIB, energía sostenible, saneamiento básico). La comparación entre países se basó en el ranking de eficiencia sostenible y los resultados de este estudio indicaron que Letonia y Chile son los más eficientes; y en cuarto lugar está Brasil. Además, se analizaron las holguras relativas y se concluyó que, si bien Brasil no es referente en ninguna variable, sus holguras son relativamente bajas. Se destaca que el índice medido es importante para contribuir a las discusiones relacionadas con la evaluación de la sostenibilidad de los países, ayudando a identificar aquellos con mejores prácticas en lo que se refiere a los aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales; y orientar las decisiones de política respecto de los incentivos gubernamentales para promover el desarrollo de los países en busca de una producción más sostenible.
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