Tecnologias utilizadas para capturar CO2 na indústria siderúrgica: uma análise bibliométrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2025.v12.n3.p73-82Palavras-chave:
captura de carbono; dióxido de carbono; siderurgia; descarbonização; bibliometriaResumo
A indústria siderúrgica possui uma alta demanda de energia, sendo responsável por elevadas emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2), que representam entre 7% e 9% das emissões globais. As tecnologias de Captura e Armazenamento de Carbono (CCS) surgem como alternativas essenciais para a descarbonização desse setor, contribuindo para o cumprimento das metas de emissões líquidas zero até 2050. Este estudo realizou uma análise bibliométrica e de anterioridade sobre as tecnologias aplicadas à captura de carbono em processos siderúrgicos, utilizando as bases Web of Science, Scopus, Espacenet e Patentscope no período de 2020 a 2025. Foram identificados 492 artigos e 10 patentes relevantes, predominando as rotas de pós-combustão com tecnologias de absorção e adsorção. Os resultados evidenciam crescente interesse global pelo tema, liderado por pesquisadores e instituições da China, com destaque para estudos que integram simulações computacionais e análises termoenergéticas. Verificou-se, ainda, que a substituição de combustíveis fósseis por biomassa, associada à CCS, pode alcançar emissões negativas. Contudo, os custos de implementação, eficiência comparativa entre rotas e integração de energias renováveis ainda merecem investimento. O avanço das pesquisas em modelagem, desenvolvimento de materiais e políticas de incentivo torna-se decisivo para viabilizar a transição da indústria siderúrgica rumo a uma economia de baixo carbono.
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