Aplicación del modelo DPSIR (Drivers – Pressures – State – Impact – Response) con enfoque en respuestas tecnológicas para la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2022.v9.n1.p49-68Palabras clave:
DPSIR, Reducción de CO2, Tecnologías climáticasResumen
El cambio climático es un gran desafío hoy en día. Se sabe que el aumento de la concentración de gases de efecto invernadero, especialmente CO2, intensifica este problema. Este aumento se debe a algunas actividades humanas, por ejemplo, el consumo de energía. Para comprender esta relación causal, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo aplicar el modelo de causa y efecto DPSIR (Drivers - Pressures - State - Impact - Response) centrándose en las respuestas tecnológicas que favorecen la reducción de las emisiones de CO2 y su transformación en productos de valor agregado. En este caso se utilizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistémica en las bases de datos de artículos científicos. Con la aplicación del DPSIR se logró visualizar de manera más clara las fuerzas motrices que dan lugar a la emisión de CO2, presiones sobre el medio ambiente, cambio de estados, impactos y, por último, las respuestas tecnológicas. Los principales enfoques tecnológicos identificados fueron la captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS), así como su uso (CCUS), este último relacionado con el reciclaje de CO2. Este reciclaje puede darse por varias rutas químicas, como la fotocatálisis con CO2, que tiene una gran ventaja porque no requiere adición de energía en su proceso y la otra ruta es la hidrogenación con CO2, que permite obtener una variedad de productos con diferentes propósitos energéticos. Finalmente, el cambio climático es un desafío sistémico que necesita soluciones públicas, privadas o tecnológicas que se combinen y cooperen entre sí, en este sentido la aplicación del modelo DPSIR puede ser una estrategia para los tomadores de decisiones.
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