Emissões teóricas de biogás de aterro e seu aproveitamento energético no Brasil: um estudo bibliométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2021.v8.n1.p96-108Palavras-chave:
metano, geração distribuída, eletricidade, resíduos sólidos, lixo urbanoResumo
A destinação incorreta dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) causa a emissão de gases do efeito estufa (GEE), como o metano (CH4). Os aterros sanitários são a principal destinação dos RSU no Brasil e geram o biogás de aterro, o qual pode ser aproveitado para fins energéticos. Para que os aterros possam projetar sistemas de recuperação e uso energético do biogás é necessário estimar o volume de gás que será emitido durante a vida útil do aterro. Para isso, pode-se fazer uso de modelos matemáticos, como o LandGEM e o modelo desenvolvido pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC, da sigla em inglês). Considerando o crescimento das publicações acerca da valorização energética do biogás de aterro, este estudo teve como objetivo, identificar as tendências e lacunas das pesquisas sobre os estudos das emissões teóricas de CH4 em aterros sanitários brasileiros e seu posterior aproveitamento energético, através de uma análise bibliométrica. Foi observada uma tendência de crescimento no número de publicações no período de 2013 a 2020. A Índia, China e os Estados Unidos são os países que mais publicaram artigos dentro da temática no período de análise. Quanto aos modelos aplicados, observou-se forte preferência pelo modelo LandGEM e por projetos de conversão de biogás em energia elétrica. Destaca-se ainda o crescimento da geração distribuída de eletricidade a partir do biogás de aterro. Como oportunidades de pesquisas tem-se a possibilidade de utilização do modelo IPCC para gerar estimativas teóricas de emissões de GEE nos aterros de RSU brasileiros e o uso do biometano na geração de calor e na substituição da demanda local por gás natural.
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