Violence and public health in Brazil

impacts on marginalized populations and the need for intersectoral policies

Abstract

Introduction: Violence in Brazil is a serious public health problem, manifesting in direct, symbolic, and structural forms, with devastating effects on vulnerable populations. Black youth and women are among the most affected groups, highlighting the close relationship between violence, social inequality, and institutional racism. In this context, it is essential to understand how violence impacts collective health, and which strategies have proven effective in its prevention and response. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between violence and public health in Brazil, focusing on its various manifestations – direct, symbolic, and structural – and its impacts on the most vulnerable populations. Methods: Through an integrative literature review, studies were identified that addressed violence in different social contexts, emphasizing its effects on the physical and mental health of victims, particularly Black youth and women. The method involved selecting scientific articles that approached violence from a sociological and public health perspective, aiming to demonstrate how social inequality and institutional racism contribute to the perpetuation of violence. Results: The findings indicate that violence has long-lasting effects on victims’ physical and mental health, with high rates of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, public policies that integrate health, education, and public safety have proven more effective in reducing violence in high-crime areas. Conclusion: It is concluded that addressing violence requires an intersectoral approach that goes beyond public security actions, encompassing the promotion of social inclusion and the strengthening of mental health policies.