Atlas of neuroradiological signs

Abstract

Introduction: The language of radiology is rich in image descriptions, often metaphorical, commonly used in daily practice. These “classic signs” provide a mental impression of the image, and their recognition aids in developing diagnostic hypotheses and imaging reasoning. In neuroradiology, these signs can indicate a wide range of conditions, such as tumors, strokes, demyelinating diseases, traumatic injuries, infections, developmental disorders, and more. Objectives: This atlas aims to serve as a reference and enhancement not only for radiology professionals but also for assisting physicians, covering the main characteristics of each sign, its importance in clinical practice, and its imaging findings. Methods: We collected and analyzed imaging exams performed at Cassiano Antônio Moraes Hospital (HUCAM), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Brazil, from patients treated between 2016 and 2024, with consultation of medical records and other diagnostic tests for clarification. Results: The developed atlas serves as a resource for consultation and improvement for radiology professionals and assisting physicians. Conclusion: This work contributes to the proper recognition of neuroradiological signs and their differential diagnoses, thus expanding medical knowledge for more precise imaging identification and targeted diagnostics.