Rhetoric and history
invention and commonplaces in the characterization of the northern Britons’ way of waging war
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29327/2345891.21.21-11Keywords:
Roman historiography, Rhetoric, Commonplaces, Barbarians, Celts, BretonsAbstract
This article aims to reflect on the use of rhetoric in ancient Roman historical writing, particularly the use of commonplaces employed in the description of the “others”. The specific focus of this study is centered on the descriptions of the way of waging war of the “barbarians” Celtics and Bretons between the 1st and 4th centuries AD. The North Britons (inhabitants of what is now the north of the British Isle) were never classified as Celts by ancient writers. However, they have been integrated into this label in modern times. In addition to linguistic issues bringing these populations together in the view of eighteenth and nineteenth century intellectuals, a strong contribution to this association comes from the representations made by the ancients. Through an exploration of the way of making history, with an emphasis on rhetorical training and on the political purposes involved in these descriptions, it is possible to understand the homogeneity in the representation of these peoples who inhabit distant regions in time and space.
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