Menarca precoce e risco cardiovascular em mulheres na idade adulta: uma revisão narrativa

Liana Carla Albuquerque Peres Martinho; Ana Eliza Andreazzi; Carlos Alberto  Mourão Junior; Rafael  de Oliveira Alvim

doi:10.47456/rbps.v26i1.43554

Autores

Liana Carla Albuquerque Peres Martinho Universidade Federal do Amazonas https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5037-5799
Ana Eliza Andreazzi Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-4715
Carlos Alberto Mourão Junior Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Rafael de Oliveira Alvim Universidade Federal do Amazonas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47456/rbps.v26i1.43554

Palavras-chave:

Menarca precoce, Dislipidemia, Hipertensão, Diabetes, Obesidade

Resumo

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) representam a principal causa de mortalidade global, exercendo um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e nos custos com a saúde. A identificação precoce dos fatores de risco associados às DCV e seus possíveis mediadores é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção mais eficazes e para o estabelecimento de metas terapêuticas, visando melhores resultados clínicos e a prevenção de desfechos adversos. As evidências sugerem que a menarca precoce está associada ao aumento do risco de desenvolvimento de DCV na vida adulta. Portanto, considerar a idade da menarca durante as avaliações clínicas pode ser um fator importante para identificar mulheres com maior probabilidade de desenvolver DCV e seus fatores de risco ao longo da vida. Objetivos: Revisar a literatura sobre a relação entre menarca precoce e risco cardiovascular em mulheres na idade adulta. Métodos: Foram utilizados artigos científicos em inglês e português publicados até 2023 nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e SciELO, utilizando os descritores “early menarche, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes e obesity” com o operador booleano “and”. Resultados: Esta revisão explora aspectos fundamentais relacionados às alterações metabólicas e hormonais associadas ao desenvolvimento puberal precoce, bem como sua ligação com os principais fatores de risco para DCV, como obesidade, hipertensão, diabetes e dislipidemia. Conclusão: A obesidade desempenha um papel significativo como mediadora da influência da maturação precoce sobre os demais fatores de risco. No entanto, outras variáveis devem ser consideradas, evidenciando a necessidade de investigações adicionais para uma compreensão mais abrangente da associação entre menarca precoce e os fatores de risco para DCV.

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