Gramsci, Philosophy of Praxis, and the (Creative) Reconstruction of Historical Materialism

Abstract

The present article discusses and presents the conception of historical materialism developed by Antonio Gramsci, translated as the philosophy of praxis. Through theoretical research, we sought in the work of the Italian Marxist, especially in the Prison Notebooks, his original conception of Marxism formulated in response to the idealist and mechanistic tendencies of Marxism prevalent in the 20th century, demonstrating Gramsci's return to and advocacy for Marx's thought. Thus, through a philological approach, we aimed to explore the aforementioned work, extracting the formulation of the concept of the philosophy of praxis and its relationship with other categories such as hegemony, historical bloc, ideology, common sense, and subaltern classes. It can be concluded that Gramsci's thought on historical materialism, reworked as the philosophy of praxis, presents itself as an integral and original philosophy, marking a new phase in the history and development of Marxism as it connects culture and politics, theory and practice, objectivity and subjectivity, thought and action.