Ácido elágico e suas principais fontes de consumo e benefícios em doenças cardiovasculares

Carla Pereira Brito Bernardo; Letícia Mendonça Mesquita; Daniela Medeiros Lobo de Andrade Bufaiçal; Patrícia Ferreira da Silva Castro; Matheus Lavorenti Rocha

doi:10.47456/rbps.v25i4.40795

Authors

Carla Pereira Brito Bernardo Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Goiânia/GO, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6564-7687
Letícia Mendonça Mesquita Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Goiânia/GO, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5780-8770
Daniela Medeiros Lobo de Andrade Bufaiçal
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva Castro Universidade Estadual de Goiás/UEG, Unidade Universitária de Itumbiara, Itumbiara/GO, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-7881
Matheus Lavorenti Rocha Universidade Federal de Goás https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-5003

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47456/rbps.v25i4.40795

Keywords:

Ellagic acid, Functional foods, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Introduction: Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol found in many foods such as red fruits, nuts, teas and fermented beverages, presenting a wide variety of beneficial biological effects, highlighting among them the effects on cardiovascular diseases and the great antioxidant potential. Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by having a high rate of oxidative stress due to exaggerated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The excess of ROS alters several intracellular signaling and transcription pathways, causing tissue damage and altering normal physiological responses in the cardiovascular system. Objectives: To describe, based on the scientific literature, the main sources of this compound for human consumption, in addition to highlighting its biological effects in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Methods: This is an integrative and selective review of the qualitative and quantitative literature, using publications available in the main scientific databases in the health area. Results: It has been demonstrated that several foods are good sources of AE consumption, such as pomegranate, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry and jaboticaba fruit, as well as walnuts, chestnuts, teas and red wine. In addition, the literature brings a series of beneficial effects that inhibit, attenuate or cure some cardiovascular dysfunctions in the main diseases that affect this system, such as hypertension, heart attack, stroke, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Conclusion: It is concluded that AE can be acquired with the consumption of some foods, and it may be useful in combating the harmful effects of cardiovascular diseases.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Timmis A, Vardas P, Townsend N, Torbica A, Katus H, De Smedt D, et al. European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021. Eur Heart J. 2022; 43(8):716-99.

Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Caughey AB, David¬son KW, et al. Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease with Nontraditional Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2018; 320(3):272-80.

Timmis A, Vardas P, Townsend N, Torbica A, Katus H, De Smedt D, et al. European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021: Executive Summary. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2022; 8(4):377-82.

Høgh A, Lindholt JS, Søgaard R, Refsgaard J, Svenstrup D, Moeslund NJ, et al. Protocol for a cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of general population screening for cardiovascular disease: the Viborg Screening Pro¬gramme (VISP). BMJ Open. 2023; 13(2):e063335.

Moran AE, Wood DA, Narula J. The 2000-2016 WHF Global Atlas of CVD: Take Two. Glob Heart. 2018; 13(3):139-41.

Shaya GE, Leucker TM, Jones SR, Martin SS, Toth PP. Coronary heart disease risk: Low-density lipoprotein and beyond. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2022; 32(4):181-94.

Steven S, Frenis K, Oelze M, Kalinovic S, Kuntic M, Jimenez MTB. Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Trig¬gers for Cardiovascular Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019; 2019:7092151.

Di Minno A, Stornaiuolo M, Novellino E. Molecular Scavengers, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(11):e1895.

Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflam¬mation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021; 26:34121-53.

Galano A, Mazzone R, Diduk A, Marino T, Idaboy JRA, Russo N. Food antioxidants: Chemical insights at the molecular level. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016; 7(15):15-8.

Derosa G, Maffioli P, Sahebkar A. Ellagic Acid and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016; 928:473-9

Roche A, Ross E, Walsh N, O’Donnell K, Williams A, Klapp M, et al. Representative literature on the phytonutrients category: Phenolic acids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017; 57(6):1089-96.

Jordão JBR, Porto HKP, Lopes FM, Batista AC, Rocha LR. Pro¬tective Effects of Ellagic Acid on Cardiovascular Injuries Caused by Hypertension in Rats. Planta Med. 2017; 83(10):830-6.

Qin Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wu Z. Release of phenolics compounds from Rubus idaeus L. dried fruits and seeds during simulated in vitro digestion and their bio-activities. J Funct Foods. 2018; 46:57-65.

Eghbali S, Askari SF, Avan R, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic Effects of Punica granatum (Pomegranate): An Updated Review of Clini¬cal Trials. J Nutr Metab. 2021; 2021:e5297162.

Vučić V, Grabež M, Trchounian A, Arsić A. Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate: A Review. Curr Pharm Des. 2019; 25(16):1817-27.

Saeed M, Naveed M, BiBi J, Kamboh AA, Arain MA, Shah QA, et al. The Promising Pharmacological Effects and Therapeutic/Medicinal Applications of Punica Granatum L. (Pomegran¬ate) as a Functional Food in Humans and Animals. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2018; 12(1):24-38.

Brighenti V, Groothuis SF, Prencipe FP, Amir R, Benvenuti S, Pellati FJ. Metabolite fingerprinting of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) polyphenols by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ion¬ization-mass spectrometry detection. Chromatogr A. 2017; 1480:20-31.

Milala J, Kosmala M, Karlińska E, Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z, Fotschki B. Ellagitannins from Strawberries with Differ¬ent Degrees of Polymerization Showed Different Metabolism through Gastrointestinal Tract of Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2017; 65(49):10738-48.

Xie Z, Charles MT, Fan J, Charlebois D, Khanizadeh S, Rolland D, et al. Effects of preharvest ultraviolet-C irradiation on fruit phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacity in three straw¬berry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars. J Sci Food Agric. 2015; 95(14):2996-02.

Ganhão R, Pinheiro J, Tino C, Faria H, Gil MM. Characterization of Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Composi¬tion and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Strawberry “Fragaria × ananassa Duch.” Cultivars (“Primoris”, “Endurance”, and “Por¬tola”) from Western Region of Portugal. Foods. 2019; 8(12):682.

Qin Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wu Z. Release of phenolics compounds from Rubus idaeus L. dried fruits and seeds during simulated in vitro digestion and their bio-activities. J Funct Foods. 2018; 46:57-65.

Skrovankova S, Sumczynski D, Mlcek J, Jurikova T, Sochor J. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(10):24673-706.

Raudone L, Bobinaite R, Janulis V, Viskelis P, Trumbeckaite S. Effects of raspberry fruit extracts and ellagic acid on respiratory burst in murine macrophages. Food Funct. 2014; 5(6):1167-74.

Oszmiański J, Nowicka P, Teleszko M, Wojdyło A, Cebulak T, Oklejewicz K. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Antiox¬idant Activity in Wild Blackberry Fruits. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(7):14540-53.

Alezandro MR, Dubé P, Desjardins Y, Lajolo FM, Genovese MI. Comparative study of chemical and phenolic compositions of two species of jaboticaba: Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg and Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. Food Res Int. 2013; 54(1):468-77.

Morales P, Barros L, Dias MI, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira IC, Ramirez Asquieri E, et al. Non-fermented and fermented jabuti¬caba (Myrciaria cauliflora Mart.) pomaces as valuable sources of functional ingredients. J Food Chem. 2016; 208:220-27.

Abe LT, Lajolo FM, Genovese MI. Potential dietary sources of ellagic acid and other antioxidants among fruits consumed in Brazil: jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg). J Sci Food Agric. 2012; 92(8):1679-87.

Souza CG, de Andrade DML, Jordão JBR, de Ávila RI, Borges LL, Vaz BG, et al. Radical Scavenger Capacity of Jabuticaba Fruit (Myrciaria cauliflora) and Its Biological Effects in Hypertensive Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017; 2017:2383157.

Lorenzon Dos Santos J, Quadros AS, Weschenfelder C, Garo¬fallo SB, Marcadenti A. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Nut-Re¬lated Antioxidants, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 2020; 12(3):682.

Cardoso BR, Duarte GBS, Reis BZ, Cozzolino SMF. Brazil nuts: Nutritional composition, health benefits and safety aspects. Food Res Int. 2017; 100(Pt 2):9-18.

Zhao T, Li C, Wang S, Song X. Green Tea (Camellia sinensis): A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Molecules. 2022; 27(12):3909.

Yang X, Tomas-Barberan FA. Tea is a significant dietary source of ellagitannins and ellagic acid. J Agric Food Chem. 2018; 67(19):5394-5404.

Zhang XK, He F, Zhang B, Reeves MJ, Liu Y, Zhao X, et al. The effect of prefermentative addition of gallic acid and ellagic acid on the red wine color, copigmentation and phenolic profiles during wine aging. Food Res Int. 2018; 106:568-79.

Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Covas MI, Corella D, Aros F, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediter¬ranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368:1279–90.

Kekelidze I, Ebelashvili N, Japaridze M, Chankvetadze B, Chankvetadze L. Phenolic antioxidants in red dessert wine produced with innovative technology. Ann Agrar Sci. 2018; 16(1):34-38.

Barroso WKS, Rodrigues CIS, Bortolotto LA, Mota-Gomes MA, Brandão AA, Feitosa ADM. Brazilian Guidelines of Hyper¬tension-2020. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3):516-658.

Gracia KC, Llanas-Cornejo D, Husi H. CVD and Oxidative Stress. J Clin Med. 2017; 6:1-22.

Berkban T, Boonprom P, Bunbupha S, Welbat JU, Pakdeehote P, Pruchaney P, et al. Ellagic acid prevents L-NAME-induced hypertension via restoration of eNOS and p47phox expression in rats. Nutrients. 2015; 7(7):5265-80.

Yilmaz B, Usta C. Ellagic acid-induced endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation in rat thoracic aorta rings and the underlying mechanism. Phytother Res. 2013; 27:285-9.

Dos Santos RL, Dellacqua LO, Delgado NT, Rouver WN, Podratz PL, Lima LC, et al. Pomegranate peel extract attenuates oxi¬dative stress by decreasing coronary angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hypertensive female rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2016; 79(21):998-1007.

Oliveira GMM, Brant LCC, Polanczyk CA, Malta DC, Biolo A, Nascimento BR, et al. Cardiovascular Statistics - Brazil 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022; 118(1):115-373.

Kannan M, Quine M, Darlin S. Ellagic acid inhibits cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophy and hyperlipidaemia during myocar¬dial infarction in rats. Metabolism. 2013; 62(1):52-61.

Kannan M, Quine M, Darlin S. Protective efficacy of ellagic acid on glycoproteins, hematological parameters, biochemical changes, and electrolytes in myocardial infarcted rats. J Bio¬chem Mol Toxic. 2012; 26(7):270-5.

Wei D, Lin C, Huang Y, Wu Y, Huang M. Ellagic acid promotes ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction by up-regulating miR-140-3p. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 95:983-9.

Lin C, Wei D, Xin D, Pan J, Huang M. Ellagic acid inhibits prolif¬eration and migration of cardiac fibroblasts by down-regulating expression of HDAC1. J Toxicol Sci. 2019; 44(6):425-33.

Srivastava K, Bath PMW, Bayraktutan U. Current therapeu¬tic strategies to mitigate the eNOS dysfunction in ischaemic stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2012; 32(3):319-36.

Nejad KH, Dianat M, Sarkaki A, Naseri MKG, Badavi M, Far¬bood Y. Ellagic acid improves electrocardiogram waves and blood pressure against global cerebral ischemia rat experimental models. Electron Physician. 2015; 7(4):1153.

Liu QS, Li SR, Li K, Li XU, Yin X, Pang Z. Ellagic acid improves endogenous neural stem cells proliferation and neuroresto¬ration through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017; 61(3):160-587.

Lorente L, Martín MM, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Abreu-González P, Ramos L. DNA and RNA oxidative damage are associated to mortality in patients with cerebral infarction. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2021; 45(1):35-41.

Liu QS, Deng R, Li S, Li X, Li K, Kebaituli G, Li X, Liu R. Ellagic acid protects against neuron damage in ischemic stroke through regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017; 42(8):855-60.

Wang Y, Wu Y, Liang C, Tan R, Tan L, Tan R. Pharmacodynamic Effect of Ellagic Acid on Ameliorating Cerebral Ischemia/Reper¬fusion Injury. Pharmacology. 2019; 104(5-6):319-30.

Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz PL, Sacre JW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undi¬agnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022; 183:109118.

Naqvi IH, Talib A, Naqvi SH, Yasin L, Rizvi NZ. The Neuro-Vas¬cular Consequence of Diabetes: Foot Amputation and Evalua¬tion of its Risk Factors and Health-Related Economic Impact. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2021; 19(1):102-09.

Derosa G, Maffioli P, Sahebkar A. Ellagic Acid and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 928:473-9.

Nankar RP, Doble M. Ellagic acid potentiates insulin sensitis¬ing activity of pioglitazone in L6 myotubes. J Funct Foods. 2015; 15:1-10.

Namekata I, Hamaguchi S, Wakasugi Y, Ohhara M, Hirota Y, Tanaka T. Ellagic acid and gingerol, activators of the sarco-en¬doplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, ameliorate diabetes melli¬tus-induced diastolic dysfunction in isolated murine ventricular myocardial. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013; 706(1–3):48-55.

Ahad A, Ganai AA, Mujeeb M, Siddiqui WA. Ellagic acid, an NF-kappaB inhibitor, ameliorates renal function in experimen¬tal diabetic nephropathy. Chem Biol Interact. 2014; 219:64-75.

Ding X, Jian T, Wu Y, Zuo Y, Li J, Lv H, et al. Ellagic acid ame¬liorates oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high glu¬cose-treated HepG2 cells via miR-223/keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019; 110:85-94.

Yoshimura Y, Nishii S, Zaima N, Moriyama T Kawamura Y. Ellagic acid improves hepatic steatosis and serum lipid compo¬sition through reduction of serum resistin levels and transcrip¬tional activation of hepatic ppara in obese, diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biochem Bioph Res Co. 2013; 434(3):486-91.

Rani PU, Kesavan R, Ganugula R, Avaneesh T, Kumar UP, Bha¬nuprakashb R, et al. Ellagic acid inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vas¬cular smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevents atheroma formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Bio¬chem. 2013; 24(11):1830-9.

Raghu G, Akileshwari C, Reddy VS, Reddy GB. Attenuation of diabetic retinopathy in rats by ellagic acid through inhibition of AGE formation. Int J Food Sci Tech. 2017; 54:2411-21.

Fan J, Watanabe T. Atherosclerosis: Known and unknown. Pathol Int. 2022; 72(3):151-60.

Jin L, Dang H, Wu J, Yuan L, Chen X, Yao J. Supplementation of Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 and Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Hypercholesterolemia by Promoting Liver Primary Bile Acid Biosynthesis and Intestinal Cholesterol Excretion in Mice. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(2):264.

Lee KH, Jeong ES, Jang G, Na JR, Park S, Kang WS, et al. Unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel Extract Containing Ellagic Acid Reg¬ulates AMPK, SREBP-2, HMGCR, and INSIG-1 Signaling and Cholesterol Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients. 2020; 12(3):610.

Akaberi M, Boghrati Z, Sahebkar A, Emami SA. Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate in Metabolic Disorders. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021; 1328:421-40.

El-Hadary AE, Ramadan MF. Phenolic profiles, antihyperglyce¬mic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties of pome¬granate (Punica granatum) peel extract. J Food Biochem. 2019; 43(4):e12803.

Long L, Song Y. Dietary ellagic acid is protective for atheroscle¬rosis. Int J Cardiol. 2018; 1:256-12.