A peripheral polis in the Greek World?
Pharos, the ‘apoikia’ of Paros on the coast of Croatia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29327/2345891.11.22-7Keywords:
Pharos, Central Dalmatia, Polis, Adriatic Sea, PeripheryAbstract
In this article, I will present the materiality of the urban area and territory of Pharos, the foundation of the Aegean polis of Paros, which took place at the beginning of the 4th century BC on the island of Hvar, located in Central Dalmatia, one of Croatia's coastal regions. Historiography on Greek colonisation considers Dalmatia (and the polis in that area) to be a peripheral zone of Greek expansion, mainly because it occurred during a phase considered to be the decline of this phenomenon (Classical and Hellenistic periods). However, the material and literary evidence on Pharos shows a typical Greek city from the point of view of its physical and political organisation, very connected with its metropolis and other regions, even though it was located far from the main Greek centers in the Mediterranean (Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea).
Downloads
References
Documentação textual
APOLLONIUS RHODIUS. Argonautica. Edited and translated by William H. Race. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
DIODORUS SICULUS. Library of History. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1935.
EPHORUS OF CYME. Fragments. In: PARMEGGIANI, G. Ephorus of Cyme and Greek historiography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
ESTRABÓN. Geografía: Libros III-IV. Traducciones, introducciones y notas de M. José Meana y Felix Piñero. Madrid: Gredos, 1998. v. 2.
POLYBIUS. The Histories. Translated by W. R. Paton. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2012.
PSEUDO-SCYMNOS. Circuit de la Terre. In: MARCOTTE, D. (ed.). Les géographes grecs: Introduction générale; Pseudo-Scymnos. Texte établi et traduit par Didier Marcotte. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2000.
Documentação epigráfica
PLEKET, H.W.; STROUD, R. S. (ed.). Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden: Brill, 1991, v. XLI.
PLEKET, H.W.; STROUD, R. S. (ed.). Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden: Brill, 1993, v. XLIII.
Vv.Aa. (ed.). Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum: Volumes I to XXV. Leiden: Brill, 1923-1971 8 v.
Obras de apoio
BARBIR, J. Urbanistički razvoj Staroga grada. Pri-lozi povijesti otoka Hvara, v. 7, p. 41-58, 2014.
BARNETT, C.; UGARKOVIĆ, M. Globalization processes and insularity on the Dalmatian islands in the Late Iron Age. In: KOUREMENOS, A.; GORDON, J. M. (ed.). Mediterranean Archaeologies of insularity in an Age of Globalization. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2020, p. 89-120.
BRADFORD, J. S. P. Ancient landscapes: studies in field Archaeology. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1957
CABANES, P. Greek colonization in the Adriatic. In: TSETSKHLADZE, G. R. (ed.) Greek colonisation: an account of Greek colonies and other settlements overseas. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 155-185. v. 2.
CASTIGLIONE, M. P. Les grecs en Adriatique. Cadernos do Leeparq, v. 15, n. 29, p. 320-358, 2018.
CHEVALLIER, R. La centuriazione romana dell’ Istria e della Dalmazia. Bolletino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 16, n. 2, p. 167-177, 1957.
COPPOLA, A. From Paros to Pharos. In: KATSONOPOULOU, D. (ed.) Paros and its colonies. Paros IV. Athens: The Institute for Archaeology of Paros and the Cyclades, 2018, p. 369-376.
DUBOKOVIĆ NADALINI, N. Prilozi “Popisu spomenika otoka Hvara”. Bilten Historijskog arhiva komune hvarske, v. 2, p. 3-12, 1960.
DZINO, D. ‘Illyrians’ in ancient ethnographic discourse. Dialogues d’Histoire Ancienne, v. 40, n. 2, p. 46-65, 2014.
GAFFNEY, V. et al. The Adriatic islands project: contact, commerce and colonialism 6.000 BC - AD 600. The Archaeological Heritage of Hvar, Croatia. Oxford: BAR International Series, 1997. v. 1.
GAMS, I. Sistemi prilagodvite dinarskega krasa na kmetijsko rabo tla. Geografski zbornik, v. 31, p. 55-77, 1992.
HANSEN, M. H.; NIELSEN, T. H. An inventory of Archaic and Classical Polis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
JELIČIĆ-RADONIĆ, J.; KATIĆ, M. Faros: osnivanje antičkog grada. Split: Knjizevni krug, 2015. v. 1.
KIRIGIN, B. Pharos, Adriatic Island. In: BAGNALL, R. S. et al. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Blackwell Publishing, 2013, p. 5238-5239.
KIRIGIN, B. Pharos. The Parian settlement in Dalmatia. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2006.
KIRIGIN, B. The Greeks in central Dalmatia. In: BRACCESI, L.; GRACIOTTI, S (ed.). La Dalmazia e l’ altra sponda: Problemi di archeologhía adriatica. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki, 1999, p. 145-164.
KIRIGIN, B. The Greeks in Central Dalmatia: some new evidence. In: DESCOEUDRES, J.-P. (ed.). Greek colonists and native populations. Oxford: Humanities Research Centre; Clarendon Press, 1990, p. 291-319.
KIRIGIN, B.; BARBARIĆ, V. The beginning of Pharos – the present archaeological evidence. Godišnjak /Jahrbuch, v. 48, p. 219-230, 2019.
LAKY, L.A. A expansão grega no Mar Adriático e na Dalmácia Central nos períodos arcaico, clássico e helenístico. Hélade, v. 5, p. 123-143, 2019.
POPOVIĆ, S.; DEVLAHOVIĆ, A. New answers to old problems: revitalizing questions about the location of Pharos and its city walls. In: KATSONOPOULOU, D. (ed.). Paros and its colonies. Paros IV. Athens: The Institute for Archaeology of Paros and the Cyclades, 2018, p. 377-396.
SOLARIĆ, M.; SOLARIĆ, N. Laying out land parcels and the oldest boundary stone in Croatia from the 4th century BC. Kartografija I Geoinformacije 12, p. 58-77, 2009.
SUIĆ, M. Pravni položaj grčkih gradova u Manijskom zalivu za rimske vladavine. Diadora, v. 1, p. 165-168, 1960.
WILKES, J.; FISCHER-HANSEN, T. The Adriatic. In: HANSEN, M. H.; NIELSEN, T. H. (ed.). An inventory of Archaic and Classical Polis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 321-337.
ZANINOVIĆ, M. Grčka podjela zemljišta u polju antičkog Pharosa. Prilozi povijesti otoka Hvara, v. 7, p. 4-10, 1983a.
ZANINOVIĆ, M. Greek land division at Pharos. Archaeologia Iugoslavica, v. 20-21, p. 91-94, 1983b.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Lilian de Angelo Laky
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
a. The authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication.
b. The authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their personal page) after the first publication by the journal, with due credit.
d. The journal's texts are licensed under a CC BY 4.0 Deed Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY).
