Determinantes do aumento da violência contra a mulher por parceiro íntimo durante a pandemia da covid-19: uma breve revisão integrativa

Tânia Barbosa Santos; Inaê Tomaz Leite da Silva; Lívia Souza Bueno; Luiz Gustavo Ceconello e Silva; Lívia Maria Moreira Barbato; Ana Vitória de Lima Pereira; Bruno Andrade Carvalho; Vitor Hugo  Moreira Marques

doi:10.47456/rbps.v25i3.40914

Autores

Tânia Barbosa Santos Universidade Nove de Julho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-1319
Inaê Tomaz Leite da Silva Universidade Nove de Julho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-6717
Lívia Souza Bueno Universidade Nove de Julho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-1951
Luiz Gustavo Ceconello e Silva Universidade Nove de Julho
Lívia Maria Moreira Barbato Universidade Professor Edson Antônio Velano https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7966-2434
Ana Vitória de Lima Pereira Universidade Professor Edson Antônio Velano https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5383-7719
Bruno Andrade Carvalho Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí
Vitor Hugo Moreira Marques Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4235-7688

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47456/rbps.v25i3.40914

Palavras-chave:

Violência contra a mulher, Infecções por Coronavírus, Violência por parceiro íntimo

Resumo

Introdução: O confinamento e o distanciamento social promovidos pela pandemia da covid-19 potencializaram indicadores de violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) contra a mulher. Objetivo: Identificar determinantes do aumento da VPI contra a mulher durante a quarentena domiciliar obrigatória imposta pela pandemia da covid-19. Métodos: Revisão de literatura integrativa realizada na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE em janeiro de 2023. “Violence against women” AND “Coronavirus infections” AND “Intimate partner violence” foram utilizados como termos de busca. Dos 49 estudos encontrados, 16 foram incluídos de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade: artigos em português/inglês que abordaram VPI durante a pandemia da covid-19. Resultados: Fatores socioeconômicos, problemas de saúde mental e transtornos do uso de substâncias foram citados como determinantes à multiplicação da VPI durante a pandemia. Esse aumento no período se associou à permanência obrigatória das mulheres com os agressores em suas casas, como se vê em dados de alguns países: Nigéria, Tunísia (14,8%), República Democrática do Congo (11,7%), Etiópia (42,19%), Quênia (17,5%), Índia (18,1%), Alemanha, República Tcheca, Itália, Espanha e Chile. Comparando estatísticas entre abril de 2019 e 2020, a OMS constatou crescimento de cinco vezes nas buscas on-line por linhas diretas de apoio e prevenção dos casos de VPI. Conclusão: Alterações comportamentais, fatores individuais e socioculturais se relacionaram ao acréscimo da VPI contra a mulher durante as imposições restritivas decorrentes da covid-19.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Tochie JN, Ofakem I, Ayissi G, et al. Intimate partner violence during the confinement period of the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the French and Cameroonian public health policies. [Internet]. Pan Afr Med J. 2020 [cited 2023 Dec 18]; 35(Suppl 2):54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti¬cles/PMC7875756/.

Evans DP. COVID-19 and violence: a research call to action. [Internet]. BMC Womens Health. 2020 Nov 10 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 20(1):249. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33172466/

Vieira PR, Garcia LP, Maciel EL. The increase in domestic vio¬lence during the social isolation: what does it reveals? [Internet]. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020 Apr 22 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 23:e200033. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321005/

Zero O, Geary M. COVID-19 and Intimate Partner Violence: A Call to Action. [Internet]. R I Med J (2013). 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 103(5):57-59. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32481784/

Vora M, Malathesh BC, Das S, Chatterjee SS. COVID-19 and domestic violence against women. [Internet]. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Oct [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 53:102227. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295494/

Fawole Ol, Okedare OO, Reed E. Home was not a safe haven: women’s experiences of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. [Internet]. BMC Womens Health. 2021 Jan 20 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 21(1):32. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33472627/

Emezue C. Digital or Digitally Delivered Responses to Domes¬tic and Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19. [Internet]. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2020 Jul 30 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 6(3):e19831. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7394520/

Gebrewahd GT, Gebremeskel GG, Tadesse DB. Intimate part¬ner violence against reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study. [Internet]. Reproductive Health. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 17:152. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539282/

Abu-Elenin MM, Elshora AA, Sadaka MS, Abdeldaim DE. Domestic violence against married women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. [Internet]. BMC Women’s Health. 2022 Mar 27 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 22(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959807/

Sediri S, Zgueb Y, Ouanes S, et al. Women’s mental health: acute impact of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence. [Inter¬net]. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020 Dec [cited 2023 Dec 18]; 23(6):749-756. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33068161/

Romito P, Pellegrini M, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ. Intimate Partner Violence Against Women During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: A Multicenter Survey Involving Anti-Violence Centers. [Internet]. Violence Against Women. 2022 Apr 28 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 107780122210793. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35481785/

Ebert C, Steinert JI. Prevalence and risk factors of violence against women and children during COVID-19, Germany. [Internet]. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2021 Mar 19 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 99(6):429–38. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34108753/

Vives-Cases C, Parra-Casado DL, Estévez JF, Torrubia¬no-Domínguez J, Sanz-Barbero B. Intimate Partner Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain. [Internet]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Apr 28 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 18(9):4698. Avail¬able from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33925021/

Ditekemena JD, Luhata C, Mavoko HM, Siewe Fodjo JN, Nkamba DM, Van Damme W, et al. Intimate Partners Violence against Women during a COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Results of an Online Survey in 7 Provinces of the Democratic Repub¬lic of Congo. [Internet]. International Journal of Environmen¬tal Research and Public Health. 2021 May 12 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 18(10):5108. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5108/htm

Tadesse AW, Tarekegn SM, Wagaw GB, Muluneh MD, Kassa AM. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women During COVID-19 Pan¬demic Restrictions: A Community-Based Study. [Internet]. Jour¬nal of Interpersonal Violence. 2020 Dec 8 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 088626052097622. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33289437/

Decker MR, Bevilacqua K, Wood SN, Ngare GW, Thiongo M, Byrne ME, et al. Gender-based violence during COVID-19 among adolescent girls and young women in Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-methods prospective study over 18 months. [Internet]. BMJ Global Health. 2022 Feb [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 7(2):e007807. Available from: https://gh.bmj.com/content/7/2/e007807

Shitu S, Yeshaneh A, Abebe H. Intimate partner violence and associated factors among reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Ethiopia, 2020. [Internet]. Reproductive Health. 2021 Dec [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 18(1). Avail¬able from: https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-021-01297-3

Pattojoshi A, Sidan A, Garg S, Mishra SN, Singh LK, Goyal N, et al. “Staying home is NOT staying safe”: A rapid 8-day online sur¬vey on spousal violence against women during the COVID ‐19 lockdown in India. [Internet]. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosci¬ences. 2020 Nov 22 [cited 2023 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753590/

Tracy BM, Whitson AK, Chen J, Weiss BD, Sims CA. Examining Violence Against Women at a Regional Level 1 Trauma Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic. [Internet]. The American Sur¬geon. 2022 Mar 1 [cited 2023 Apr 3]; 88(3):404–8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8859477/

Cantor E, Salas R, Torres R. Femicide and Attempted Femicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile. [Internet]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Jun 30 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 19(13):8012. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/8012

Sorenson SB, Sinko L, Berk RA. The Endemic Amid the Pandemic: Seeking Help for Violence Against Women in the Initial Phases of COVID-19. [Internet]. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2021 Mar 10 [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 088626052199794. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0886260521997946

Plášilová L, Hůla M, Krejčová L, Klapilová K. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Intimate Partner Violence against Women in the Czech Republic: Incidence and Associated Factors. [Internet]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Oct 10]; 18(19):10502. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10502

Gulati G, Kelly BD. Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry? [Internet]. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2020 Jul-Aug [cited 2023 Jul 18]; 71:101594. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32768101/

Viero A, Barbara G, Montisci M, Kustermann K, Cattaneo C. Violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic: A review of the literature and a call for shared strategies to tackle health and social emergencies. [Internet]. Forensic Sci Int. 2021 Feb [cited 2023 Dec 18]; 319:110650. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33340849/